¿Es la proteinuria un predictor independiente de la progresión de la nefropatía diabética?

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36895

Palabras clave:

Proteinuria; Diabetes Mellitus; Complicaciones de la Diabetes; Insuficiencia Renal Crónica.

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre la proteinuria y la progresión de la enfermedad renal. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con análisis de historias clínicas de pacientes que acudieron a consulta externa de nefrología entre 2016 y 2021. Pacientes mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (DM) y que tuvieran datos disponibles durante todo el período de evaluación en sus historias clínicas, se evaluaron variables clínicas (tipo de DM, duración de la DM, hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS), dislipemia, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, uso de antiproteinúricos) y de laboratorio (función renal, glucemia, hemoglobina glucosilada, conteo de glóbulos). En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la regresión logística binaria, la técnica de retroceso y el modelo de avance, realizados en SPSS versión 25 y con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: 384 pacientes fueron elegibles para el estudio y142 eran pacientes con DM, entre estos, 33 pacientes cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión y 31 (93,9%) tenían diabetes tipo 2. Se observó una prevalencia de proteinuria en 24 (72,4%) al inicio del estudio. De la muestra, 30 (90,9%) pacientes utilizaban fármacos antiproteinúricos, 18 (54,5%) presentaron progresión de la enfermedad renal y proteinuria simultánea durante el seguimiento, solo cuatro pacientes no presentaron proteinuria durante el período de estudio, se registra que no hubo una asociación significativa entre la proteinuria y la disminución de la función renal. Conclusión: la proteinuria no se asoció significativamente con la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y, por tanto, no se confirmó como predictor independiente de la evolución de nefropatía diabética.

Citas

American Diabetes Association (2020). 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes care, 43(Suppl 1), S66–S76. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S006.

Anders, H. J., Huber, T. B., Isermann, B., & Schiffer, M. (2018). CKD in diabetes: diabetic kidney disease versus nondiabetic kidney disease. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 14(6), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-018-0001-y.

Banday MZ, Sameer AS, Nissar S. Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J Med. 2020 Oct 13;10(4):174-188. 10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20

Budhiraja, P., Thajudeen, B. Popovtzer, M. (2013). Absence of albuminuria in type 2 diabetics with classical nephropathy: clinical pathological study. Journal of Biomedical Science Engineering, 6(5), 20-5.

Buyadaa, O., Magliano, D. J., Salim, A., Koye, D. N., & Shaw, J. E. (2020). Risk of Rapid Kidney Function Decline, All-Cause Mortality, and Major Cardiovascular Events in Nonalbuminuric Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes care, 43(1), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1438.

Chang, H. L., Wu, C. C., Lee, S. P., Chen, Y. K., Su, W., & Su, S. L. (2019). A predictive model for progression of CKD. Medicine, 98(26), e16186. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016186.

Cherney, D. Z., Perkins, B. A., Soleymanlou, N., Maione, M., Lai, V., Lee, A., Fagan, N. M., Woerle, H. J., Johansen, O. E., Broedl, U. C., & von Eynatten, M. (2014). Renal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 129(5), 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005081.

Delgado, C., Baweja, M., Crews, D. C., Eneanya, N. D., Gadegbeku, C. A., Inker, L. A., Mendu, M. L., Miller, W. G., Moxey-Mims, M. M., Roberts, G. V., St Peter, W. L., Warfield, C., & Powe, N. R. (2022). A Unifying Approach for GFR Estimation: Recommendations of the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease. American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 79(2), 268–288.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.08.003.

Doshi, S. M., & Friedman, A. N. (2017). Diagnosis and Management of Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN, 12(8), 1366–1373. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11111016.

Dwyer, J. P., & Lewis, J. B. (2013). Nonproteinuric diabetic nephropathy: when diabetics don't read the textbook. The Medical clinics of North America, 97(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2012.10.006.

Ekinci, E. I., Jerums, G., Skene, A., Crammer, P., Power, D., Cheong, K. Y., Panagiotopoulos, S., McNeil, K., Baker, S. T., Fioretto, P., & Macisaac, R. J. (2013). Renal structure in normoalbuminuric and albuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function. Diabetes care, 36(11), 3620–3626. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-2572.

Feng, Y., Huang, R., Kavanagh, J., Li, L., Zeng, X., Li, Y., & Fu, P. (2019). Efficacy and Safety of Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis. American journal of cardiovascular drugs: drugs, devices, and other interventions, 19(3), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-018-00321-5.

Fox, C. S., Matsushita, K., Woodward, M., Bilo, H. J., Chalmers, J., Heerspink, H. J., Lee, B. J., Perkins, R. M., Rossing, P., Sairenchi, T., Tonelli, M., Vassalotti, J. A., Yamagishi, K., Coresh, J., de Jong, P. E., Wen, C. P., Nelson, R. G., & Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (2012). Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 380(9854), 1662–1673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61350-6.

Guo, C., Martinez-Vasquez, D., Mendez, G. P., Toniolo, M. F., Yao, T. M., Oestreicher, E. M., Kikuchi, T., Lapointe, N., Pojoga, L., Williams, G. H., Ricchiuti, V., & Adler, G. K. (2006). Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist reduces renal injury in rodent models of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology, 147(11), 5363–5373. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0944.

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2013). KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplemments, 1–150.

Koszegi, S., Molnar, A., Lenart, L., Hodrea, J., Balogh, D. B., Lakat, T., Szkibinszkij, E., Hosszu, A., Sparding, N., Genovese, F., Wagner, L., Vannay, A., Szabo, A. J., & Fekete, A. (2019). RAAS inhibitors directly reduce diabetes-induced renal fibrosis via growth factor inhibition. The Journal of physiology, 597(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277002.

Koye, D. N., Magliano, D. J., Nelson, R. G., & Pavkov, M. E. (2018). The Global Epidemiology of Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Advances in chronic kidney disease, 25(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.011.

Koye, D. N., Magliano, D. J., Reid, C. M., Jepson, C., Feldman, H. I., Herman, W. H., & Shaw, J. E. (2018). Risk of Progression of Nonalbuminuric CKD to End-Stage Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 72(5), 653–661. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.02.364.

Klimontov, V. V., & Korbut, A. I. (2019). Albuminuric and non-albuminuric patterns of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 13(1), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.014.

Krolewski, A. S., Niewczas, M. A., Skupien, J., Gohda, T., Smiles, A., Eckfeldt, J. H., Doria, A., & Warram, J. H. (2014). Early progressive renal decline precedes the onset of microalbuminuria and its progression to macroalbuminuria. Diabetes care, 37(1), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0985.

Larmour, K., & Levin, A. (2021). Slowing Progression in CKD: DAPA CKD and Beyond. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN, 16(7), 1117–1119. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.20211220.

Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Zhang, Y. L., Castro, A. F., 3rd, Feldman, H. I., Kusek, J. W., Eggers, P., Van Lente, F., Greene, T., Coresh, J., & CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) (2009). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Annals of internal medicine, 150(9), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006.

Lotufo, P.A. (2016). Rastreamento para doença renal: Uma ferramenta em potencial para reduzir a desigualdade na saúde. São Paulo Medical Journal, 134(1), 1-2

Malta, M., Cardoso, L.O., Bastos, F.I., Magnanini, M.M.F., Silva, C.M.F.P. (2010). Iniciativa STROBE: subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Revista de Saúde Pública, 44, 559-565.

Marshall S. M. (2014). Natural history and clinical characteristics of CKD in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Advances in chronic kidney disease, 21(3), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2014.03.007.

Molitch, M. E., Steffes, M., Sun, W., Rutledge, B., Cleary, P., de Boer, I. H., Zinman, B., Lachin, J., & Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Group (2010). Development and progression of renal insufficiency with and without albuminuria in adults with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial and the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes care, 33(7), 1536–1543. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1098.

Oshima, M., Shimizu, M., Yamanouchi, M. et al. Trajectories of kidney function in diabetes: a clinicopathological update. Nat Rev Nephrol 17, 740–750 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-021-00462-y

Radcliffe, N. J., Seah, J. M., Clarke, M., MacIsaac, R. J., Jerums, G., & Ekinci, E. I. (2017). Clinical predictive factors in diabetic kidney disease progression. Journal of diabetes investigation, 8(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12533.

Ruiz-Ortega, M., Rayego-Mateos, S., Lamas, S., Ortiz, A., & Rodrigues-Diez, R. R. (2020). Targeting the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 16(5), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0248-y.

Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic Nephropathy: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol. 2020; 2067:3-7. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_1. PMID: 31701441.

Shimizu, M., Furuichi, K., Yokoyama, H., Toyama, T., Iwata, Y., Sakai, N., Kaneko, S., & Wada, T. (2014). Kidney lesions in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 18(2), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0870-0.

Thomas, M.C., Brownlee, M, Susztak, K. Sharma, K. JandeleitDahm, K.A. Zoungas, S. et al. (2015). Diabetic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2015, 1(1), 1-20.

Van Bommel, E., Muskiet, M., van Baar, M., Tonneijck, L., Smits, M. M., Emanuel, A. L., Bozovic, A., Danser, A., Geurts, F., Hoorn, E. J., Touw, D. J., Larsen, E. L., Poulsen, H. E., Kramer, M., Nieuwdorp, M., Joles, J. A., & van Raalte, D. H. (2020). The renal hemodynamic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin are caused by post-glomerular vasodilatation rather than pre-glomerular vasoconstriction in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in the randomized, double-blind RED trial. Kidney international, 97(1), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.013.

Yamanouchi, M., Furuichi, K., Hoshino, J., Toyama, T., Hara, A., Shimizu, M., Kinowaki, K., Fujii, T., Ohashi, K., Yuzawa, Y., Kitamura, H., Suzuki, Y., Sato, H., Uesugi, N., Hisano, S., Ueda, Y., Nishi, S., Yokoyama, H., Nishino, T., Samejima, K., … Research Group of Diabetic Nephropathy, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (2019). Nonproteinuric Versus Proteinuric Phenotypes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of a Nationwide, Biopsy-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes care, 42(5), 891–902. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1320

Zoccali, C., & Mallamaci, F. (2019). Nonproteinuric progressive diabetic kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 28(3), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0000000000000489

Zou, H., Zhou, B., & Xu, G. (2017). SGLT2 inhibitors: a novel choice for the combination therapy in diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovascular diabetology, 16(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0547-1.

Publicado

14/11/2022

Cómo citar

BRANDÃO, S. C.; FREITAS, S. B. de; CARVALHO, L. M. R.; ARAÚJO, L. C.; GUEDES, J. V. M.; OLIVEIRA, F. S. de; SILVA, F. M. de R. e; OTONI, A. ¿Es la proteinuria un predictor independiente de la progresión de la nefropatía diabética?. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 15, p. e197111536895, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36895. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/36895. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud