Anestesia local asociada a biopsias de piel en medicina veterinária: una revisión narrativa

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37683

Palabras clave:

Dermatología veterinária; Toxicidad anestésica; Biopsia por sacabocados; Lidocaína.

Resumen

Las biopsias cutáneas, especialmente por punción, se utilizan ampliamente como herramienta de diagnóstico en Dermatología veterinaria. Este procedimiento puede ser realizado con anestesia general aliada o no a anestesia local, y en algunos casos, con anestesia local aisladamente. La lidocaína es el anestésico local más utilizado, debido a su rápida acción, fácil acceso y relativo bajo costo. La anestesia infiltrativa se usa típicamente en procedimientos dermatológicos, pero en algunos casos también se pueden recomendar anestesia regional y anestesia tópica. Los efectos adversos varían de inusuales a raros, e incluyen reacciones locales, desde lesiones nerviosas locales e hipersensibilidad o dermatitis de contacto, y reacciones sistémicas como anafilaxia, cardiotoxicidad y depresión del sistema nervioso central. Cuando se administran en la dosis adecuada para la especie referida, con técnica estandarizada y conocimiento anatómico, las reacciones adversas son extremadamente raras. Los Anestésicos locales son de importancia fundamental para la dermatología veterinaria, especialmente en biopsias de piel en perros y gatos. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es explorar la estructura y mecanismo de acción de los principales fármacos utilizados, las técnicas de anestesia local, así como los posibles efectos adversos asociados al uso de estos fármacos en cirugías dermatológicas, con foco en las biopsias de piel.

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Publicado

29/11/2022

Cómo citar

SANTOS, K. H. S. dos .; SILVA, M. M. de S.; LEDUR, G. R.; GERARDI, D. G. .; MELLO, J. R. B. de . Anestesia local asociada a biopsias de piel en medicina veterinária: una revisión narrativa. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 16, p. e62111637683, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37683. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/37683. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas