Plaguicidas y densidad bacteriana - análisis en una represa ubicada en una zona agrícola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37870Palabras clave:
Endrín; Lambda cihalotrina; Sulfato de endosulfán.Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los tipos y concentraciones de pesticidas en el agua superficial de una represa ubicada en una región agrícola, y relacionarlos con la densidad bacteriana acuática. Se recolectaron seis muestras de agua de 1L, tres en época poco lluviosa (D1, D2 y D3) y tres en época lluviosa (R1, R2 y R3). El análisis de pesticidas se realizó usando GC/MS. La densidad bacteriana se analizó utilizando recuentos de UFC. Las colonias más abundantes cultivadas en todas las muestras estudiadas fueron aisladas e identificadas por métodos moleculares. La densidad bacteriana mostró una diferencia significativa entre las estaciones lluviosa y seca. En época poco lluviosa, la densidad bacteriana promedio (5,69x105±2,86 x105 UFC mL-1) fue mayor que en época de lluvias (2,31x105±1,73 x105 UFC mL-1). En época seca se encontró lambda cihalotrina (0.3 µg L-1) y endrina (0.23 µg L-1) en la colecta D1 y endosulfán sulfato en D1 y D2 (0.05 - 0.27 µg L-1). En época de lluvias se detectó DEA (0.02 - 0.09 µg L-1) (0.02 - 0.09 µg L-1) y atrazina (0.02 - 0.06 µg L -1) en todas las colectas, metalacloro (0.2 µg L-1), clorpirifos (0.2 µg L -1) en R1 y R2 y sulfato de endosulfán (0,1 µg L -1) en R1. En la estación seca, la densidad bacteriana en R1 fue significativamente menor que en R2 y R3. Hubo una alta correlación entre estos plaguicidas y la disminución de la densidad bacteriana. La endrina, la lambda cihalotrina y el sulfato de endosulfán son pesticidas tóxicos y persistentes y, por lo tanto, pueden haber influido en la disminución de la densidad bacteriana acuática. Los análisis moleculares identificaron la bacteria Bacillus weihenstephanensis, conocida por estar presente en ambientes contaminados por pesticidas y por su potencial biodegradable.
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