Farmacogenómica: una oportunidad para una farmacoterapia más segura y eficiente

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.38884

Palabras clave:

Polimorfismos genéticos; Farmacogenética; Farmacogenómica; Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos; Medicina personalizada.

Resumen

 

Las respuestas a las drogas están influenciadas por múltiples factores, incluido el estado de salud, las influencias ambientales y las características genéticas. La biodisponibilidad de un fármaco puede variar ampliamente entre individuos de peso similar bajo la misma cantidad de fármaco, lo que puede provocar toxicidad y reacciones adversas a drogas (RADs). Los polimorfismos genéticos son causas conocidas de las diferencias interindividuales en el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades y la respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico. Se ha descrito un número relevante de asociaciones entre variantes genéticas humanas y predisposición a los eventos adversos para diferentes tipos de interacciones medicamentosas, involucrando a las proteinas como receptores, transportadores y enzimas metabolizadoras. Así, la Farmacogenética y la Farmacogenómica surgieron con el objetivo de determinar el componente genético responsable de la respuesta a las drogas. Se presta la debida atención a si un tratamiento beneficia (o perjudica) a un subgrupo de personas, considerando una interacción entre el tratamiento y los antecedentes genéticos de la población. En este escenario, los investigadores se han centrado en comprender mejor la medicina personalizada que tiene el potencial de maximizar la eficacia de las drogas y minimizar los efectos tóxicos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar algunos principios, perspectivas y aplicaciones clínicas de la farmacogenética, enfatizando hallazgos importantes y aplicaciones clínicas que pueden contribuir a la mejora terapéutica.

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19/12/2022

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MONTES, G. C. .; BEM, G. F. de .; FONTES-DANTAS, F. L. . Farmacogenómica: una oportunidad para una farmacoterapia más segura y eficiente. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 17, p. e44111738884, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i17.38884. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/38884. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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