Detección de preeclampsia en el primer trimestre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i1.39242Palabras clave:
Preeclampsia; Primer trimestre del embarazo; Embarazo de alto riesgo.Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo discutir el tamizaje de la preeclampsia en el primer trimestre del embarazo. La preeclampsia es considerada una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal. Por ello, es importante identificar a las gestantes con riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia durante el primer trimestre del embarazo, lo que permitirá una intervención terapéutica oportuna. Organizaciones profesionales como el Colegio Estadounidense de Obstetras y Ginecólogos y el Instituto Nacional para la Excelencia en Salud y Atención han propuesto la detección de la preeclampsia en función de los factores de riesgo maternos. Sin embargo, pocas pruebas de laboratorio tienen alta especificidad y sensibilidad para identificar tempranamente dicha patología. Cabe señalar que el modelo de predicción del primer trimestre de la Fetal Medicine Foundation, que consiste en una combinación de factores maternos y mediciones de la presión arterial media, el índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria uterina y el factor de crecimiento placentario en suero, también ha sido objeto de validación tanto interna como externa. exitosa, esta prueba de tamizaje es superior al método tradicional (solo para factores de riesgo maternos). Cuando se identifique, las mujeres embarazadas con alto riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia deben usar aspirina en dosis bajas iniciadas antes de las 16 semanas de gestación, así como el uso de calcio en mujeres embarazadas con baja ingesta, con el objetivo de reducir la tasa de preeclampsia pretérmino. . Con eso en mente, con el objetivo de lograr un rendimiento óptimo de detección, se deben establecer protocolos estandarizados para medir biomarcadores y evaluar periódicamente la calidad de los biomarcadores.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Rafaela Buchalla Bosco; Danielle Cristine Belisário Scarpin
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