Biomoléculas presentes en la saliva de garrapatas con potencial farmacológico: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40453

Palabras clave:

Saliva; Garrapata; Potencial farmacológico; Biomoléculas salivales.

Resumen

Sabiendo que las garrapatas tienen moléculas bioactivas en su saliva que modulan las actividades hemostáticas e inmunomoduladoras en humanos, llevamos a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de biomoléculas presentes en la saliva de las garrapatas con gran potencial farmacológico. Los estudios publicados en los últimos diez años. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la herramienta Prisma, se seleccionaron estudios primarios y secundarios de carácter sistemático, sin restricción de idioma o país. Se excluyeron los estudios que incluyeron artrópodos distintos a las garrapatas y los estudios en los que el uso de saliva no tuvo aplicación farmacológica. Para las búsquedas utilizamos las bases de datos: MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Web of Science, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane y SCOPUS. La calidad metodológica se realizó utilizando las herramientas disponibles en Joanna Briggs. Los datos generados fueron tabulados y resumidos mediante análisis narrativo cualitativo. La metodología seleccionó 19 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de elegibilidad. La saliva de las garrapatas duras, es más prometedora cuando se usa en estudios experimentales con células humanas. La elucidación de las biomoléculas fue posible, siendo la evasina y la serpina las biomoléculas con el potencial farmacológico más evidente para la acción antiinflamatoria. En los estudios seleccionados, encontramos solo estudios experimentales, sin estudios preclínicos ni clínicos, lo que dificulta la calificación metodológica; en algunos estudios, con las biomoléculas Evasin y Serpin, se sugirió la necesidad de dilucidar estas biomoléculas en cuestión. Así, encontramos evidencia de que la saliva de la garrapata dura americana es la más estudiada para aplicaciones farmacológicas de acción antiinflamatoria e inmunomoduladora.

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05/03/2023

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BARBOSA, Y. O. .; MARTINS, B. R. .; RATKEVICIUS, C. M. A. .; RODRIGUES, W. F. .; OLIVEIRA, C. J. F. .; ESPINDULA , A. P.; ALVES, R. P. . Biomoléculas presentes en la saliva de garrapatas con potencial farmacológico: una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. e16312340453, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40453. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40453. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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