Adsorción de contaminantes en aguas residuales usando biocarbón: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i4.41228Palabras clave:
Biochar; Filtración; Aguas negras; Contaminantes.Resumen
La adsorción se ha utilizado en el tratamiento de efluentes para la remoción de contaminantes ya que tiene un bajo costo, requiere poco espacio y es simple de operar. Al utilizar biocarbón como material adsorbente, el proceso se vuelve más sostenible al permitir el reciclaje de residuos orgánicos (pirólisis). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar publicaciones sobre el uso de biocarbón como adsorbente en aguas residuales, con el fin de verificar su eficiencia, parámetros de aplicación y vacíos de investigación. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de manera atemporal, con la categorización de los artículos según el tipo de contaminante, año y lugar donde se realizó el experimento. Cualitativamente, se analizaron características tales como pH, temperatura de adsorción, temperatura de pirólisis, activación de materia prima y biocarbón, cinéticas e isotermas de adsorción, eficiencia de remoción y capacidad de adsorción. Se observó que los estudios aún son recientes, realizados en pequeña escala y las investigaciones mostraron gran preocupación con la remoción de microcontaminantes emergentes. La temperatura de pirólisis más utilizada fue entre 400°C y 800°C y la adsorción aumentó con el aumento de la temperatura del proceso hasta 45°C. Las materias primas utilizadas para la producción de biocarbón resultaron ser diversificadas y, en general, los estudios utilizaron materias primas disponibles en la región del estudio. Además, el biocarbón mostró mayores eficiencias cuando se activó. El modelo cinético de pseudo segundo orden y la isoterma de Langmuir fueron los que mejor se ajustaron a la mayoría de los experimentos. Finalmente, se identificaron vacíos relacionados con aspectos económicos, procesos de regeneración y disposición de biocarbón y efectividad con efluentes no sintéticos.
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Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:
1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
