La Porphyromonas gingivalis como vínculo entre la periodontitis y la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revisión narrativa de literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41692

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad periodontal; Enfermedad de Alzheimer; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Resumen

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es uno de los trastornos neurodegenerativos más comunes en el mundo y ha sido catalogada como una prioridad de salud pública mundial por la OMS. Actualmente no existe un tratamiento efectivo para la enfermedad y su causa aún se desconoce. En los últimos años, se ha tratado de explicar los mecanismos etiológicos de la EA y se ha propuesto la hipótesis de la propagación de microorganismos orales como la Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) hacia el tejido cerebral en pacientes con periodontitis. Sin embargo, esta posible relación causal sigue sin estar clara. Objetivo: presentar el papel de la Pg como vínculo entre la periodontitis y la enfermedad de Alzheimer a partir de una revisión de literatura de publicaciones de los últimos 5 años. Materiales y métodos: búsqueda de publicaciones en las bases de datos: PubMed, SpringerLink, Scientific Direct, Scielo. Resultados: se incluyeron 19 artículos científicos de los cuales los estudios en animales y moleculares determinan que, la infección por Pg aumentó la producción de los mediadores inflamatorios, provocando así un aumento en la producción de Aβ (beta amiloide) y posteriormente, neurodegeneración compatible con la EA; sin embargo, no se ha establecido una relación clara en los estudios realizados en humanos. Conclusión: se ha demostrado el efecto de la Pg en el desarrollo de neuroinflamación; sin embargo, se necesitan estudios adicionales a gran escala y seguimiento longitudinal en humanos para establecer de mejor manera la relación entre la periodontitis y la EA.

Biografía del autor/a

Andrea Soledad Carvajal Endara, Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca

Doctora en Odontología. Docente de la Facultad de Odontología

Citas

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Publicado

16/05/2023

Cómo citar

PERALTA AVILA, A. N. .; CARVAJAL ENDARA, A. S. . La Porphyromonas gingivalis como vínculo entre la periodontitis y la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revisión narrativa de literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. e17212541692, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41692. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/41692. Acesso em: 12 may. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud