Enfoques cualitativos en estudios sobre la pobreza: una revisión estructurada de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4183Palabras clave:
Investigación bibliométrica; Investigación cualitativa; Pobreza.Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico e identificar las técnicas cualitativas utilizadas en las investigaciones sobre la pobreza a partir del año 2015, además de examinar las principales ventajas y desventajas asociadas a esas técnicas. Para eso, fue utilizada la base de datos SCOPUS de la cual se identificaron los estudios más relevantes, las revistas que más publicaron sobre el tema, y se construyó un cuadro con los objetivos y técnicas cualitativas utilizadas por los autores a partir de 43 artículos científicos, publicados en 38 revistas y escritos por 121 autores y coautores. Se constató que la investigación cualitativa sobre el tema pobreza se diferencia según el público y el lugar objetivos, y no existe un estándar de las técnicas utilizadas, que dependerá de los problemas y objetivos de la investigación, pero algunas técnicas se utilizaron más comúnmente como la observación en el campo, observación participante, entrevistas a fondo, grupo focal, análisis de contenido y el análisis temático. Las técnicas cualitativas permitieron a los investigadores comprender en profundidad las experiencias y los comportamientos de los grupos investigados, identificar las construcciones emergentes y (re)construir sus percepciones sobre los objetos/problemas de la investigación, contribuyendo a la comprensión de las causas y los efectos de la pobreza en toda su complejidad. La imposibilidad de generalización de los resultados, la necesidad de investigaciones longitudinales que requieren mucho tiempo y recursos financieros, la imposibilidad de conocer la muestra, la veracidad de la información y la captura de narraciones no verbales en la investigación en los medios sociales fueron algunas de las limitaciones identificadas.
Citas
Alexander, J. T., Andersen, R., Cookson, P. W., Edin, K., Fisher, J., Grusky, D. B.,Varner, C. (2017). A Qualitative Census of Rural and Urban Poverty. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 672(1), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217714156
Ali, I., Hatta, Z. A., Azman, A., & Islam, S. (2017). Microfinance as a Development and Poverty Alleviation Tool in Rural Bangladesh: A Critical Assessment. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 11(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/aswp.12106
Anaafo, D., & Guba, B. (2017). Do land reforms have adverse impacts on the livelihoods of poor land users? Evidence from the Nkoranza South Municipality, Ghana. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 51(2), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1303390
Andresen, S., & Meiland, S. (2019). Being poor from children’s point of view. The potential of childhood theory and qualitative methods for child poverty research: Findings from two qualitative studies of poverty in Germany. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.07.010
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Bauer, M. W., Gaskell, G., & Allum, N. C. (2015). Qualidade, quantidade e interesses do conhecimento: evitando confusões. In M. W. Bauer & G. GASKELL (Eds.), Pesquisa Qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático (13th ed., pp. 17–36). Petrópolis-RJ: Vozes.
Caplan, M. A., Purser, G., & Kindle, P. A. (2017). Personal Accounts of Poverty: A Thematic Analysis of Social Media. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 14(6), 433–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2017.1380547
Ceresola, R. (2015). Doing Poor in AmeriCorps: How National Service Members Deal With Living Below the Poverty Line Abstract. Qualitative Sociology Review, XI(4), 117–137.
Dube, E., Mtapuri, O., & Matunhu, J. (2018). Flooding and poverty: Two interrelated social problems impacting rural development in Tsholotsho district of Matabeleland North province in Zimbabwe. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.455
Elango, B., & Rajendran, P. (2014). Authorship Trends and Collaboration Pattern in the Marine Sciences Literature : A Scientometric Study. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 2, 166–169.
Fahmy, E., Sutton, E., & Pemberton, S. (2015). Are we all agreed? Consensual methods and the “necessities of life” in the UK today. Journal of Social Policy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279415000033
Fattore, T., & Fegter, S. (2019). Children, social class and social practices: A theoretical analysis of children’s practices of class distinction. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.032
Fenwick, T. B. (2017). From CCTs to a social investment welfare state? Brazil’s ‘new’ pro-poor strategy. Development Policy Review, 35(5), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12247
Fiseha, G. G., Kachere, W., & Oyelana, A. A. (2019). The role of rural entrepreneurship in alleviating poverty in the eastern cape. Journal of Human Ecology, 68(1–3), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/68.1-3.3191
Franz, C. E., & Cook, K. (2020). Utilisation of social determinants of health to improve education among youth in Dominican baseball academies. Health and Social Care in the Community, 28(2), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12874
García, S., & Ritterbusch, A. (2015). Child Poverty in Colombia: Construction of a Multidimensional Measure Using a Mixed-Method Approach. Child Indicators Research, 8, 801–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9274-2
Gowayed, H. (2018). The Unnecessary Nudge: Education and Poverty Policy in a Cairo Slum. Sociological Forum, 33(2), 482–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12421
Gunhidzirai, C., Makoni, M., & Tanga, P. T. (2017). Child support grants and poverty reduction in hill crest community, Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Journal of Social Sciences, 51(1–3), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2017.1305572
Inglis, G., McHardy, F., Sosu, E., McAteer, J., & Biggs, H. (2019). Health inequality implications from a qualitative study of experiences of poverty stigma in Scotland. Social Science and Medicine, 232, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.033
Ioris, A. A. R. (2016). The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: Impoverishment and development in the Amazon of Brazil and Bolivia. Geographical Journal, 182(2), 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12124
Jahan, F., Mamun-ur-Rashid, & Wahab, S. A. (2015). The Role of Fatalism in Resilience to Food Price Volatility in Bangladesh. IDS Bulletin, 46(6), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-5436.1218
Kabir, A., & Louise Maitrot, M. R. (2019). Qualitative exploration of factors affecting progress in antipoverty interventions: Experiences from a poverty-reduction program in Bangladesh. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1602986
Kabuye, R., & Mukasa, N. (2019). Older people’s conceptualisation of poverty and their experiences of government programmes in Uganda. Development in Practice, 29(3), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2018.1552659
Kageyama, A. & Hoffmann, R. (2006). Pobreza no Brasil: uma perspectiva multidimensional. Economia e Sociedade, 14(1 (26)), 79–112.
Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2018). European Journal of General Practice Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092
Koseoglu, M. A. (2016). Mapping the institutional collaboration network of strategic management research: 1980–2014. Scientometrics, 109(1), 203–226.
Kulb, C., Hennink, M., Kiiti, N., & Mutinda, J. (2016). How Does Microcredit Lead to Empowerment? A Case Study of the Vinya wa Aka Group in Kenya. Journal of International Development, 28(5), 715–732. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3130
MacDonald, R., Shildrick, T., & Furlong, A. (2020). ‘Cycles of disadvantage’ revisited: young people, families and poverty across generations*. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1704405
Mayombe, C. (2018). From social exclusion to adult education and training for community development in South Africa. Community Development, 49(4), 398–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2018.1496942
Minayo, M. C. de S. (2017). Sampling and saturation in qualitative research: consensuses and controversies. Revista Pesquisa Qualitativa, 5(7), 1–12.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2012). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement... Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas {&} Retired Doctors Edition), 8, b2535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Morais-da-Silva, R. L., Segatto, A. P., & Bezerra-de-Sousa, I. G. (2019). Connecting Two Sides: A Qualitative Study on Social Innovation Ventures and Poor Communities in an Emerging Economy. Voluntas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00156-x
Morrow, V., & Crivello, G. (2015). What is the value of qualitative longitudinal research with children and young people for international development? International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(3), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2015.1017903
Ninsiima, A. B., Michielsen, K., Kemigisha, E., Nyakato, V. N., Leye, E., & Coene, G. (2020). Poverty, gender and reproductive justice. A qualitative study among adolescent girls in Western Uganda. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2019.1660406
Omobowale, A. O., & Akinola, O. T. (2017). A contextual assessment of the FADAMA III programme in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 9(4), 479-488.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2017.1352122
Petrova, S., & Simcock, N. (2019). Gender and energy: domestic inequities reconsidered. Social and Cultural Geography, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2019.1645200
Possick, C. (2019). Women who frequent soup kitchens: A cultural, gender-mainstreaming perspective. Journal of Social Work, 19(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318765993
Rocha, S. (2006). Pobreza no Brasil: afinal, de que se trata? (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro-RJ: Editora FGV.
Rose, W., & McAuley, C. (2019). Poverty and its impact on parenting in the UK: Re-defining the critical nature of the relationship through examining lived experiences in times of austerity. Children and Youth Services Review, 97(July 2017), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.021
Sarti, A., Dedding, C., & Bunders, J. F. G. (2019). Beyond a deficiencies approach: Towards a more integral representation of the everyday life of children growing up in contexts of poverty. Qualitative Social Work, 18(5), 818–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325018768391
Sewell, S. J., Desai, S. A., Mutsaa, E., & Lottering, R. T. (2019). A comparative study of community perceptions regarding the role of roads as a poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.09.001
Shong, T. S., Abu Bakar, S. H., & Islam, M. R. (2019). Poverty and delinquency: A qualitative study on selected juvenile offenders in Malaysia. International Social Work, 62(2), 965–979. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872818756172
Silva, A. M. R., Lacerda, F. C. C., & Neder, H. D. (2011). A evolução do estudo da pobreza: da abordagem monetária à privação de capacitações. Bahia Análise & Dados, 21(3), 509–527.
Simpson, D., Lumsden, E., & Clark, R. M. D. (2015). Pre-school practitioners, child poverty and social justice. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35(5–6), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-10-2013-0101
Sripanich, B., Nitivattananon, V., & Perera, R. (2015). City development fund: A financial mechanism to support housing and livelihood needs of Thailand’s urban poor. Habitat International, 49, 366–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.011
Strier, R., Eisikovits, Z., Sigad, L., & Buchbinder, E. (2016). Working Men Views of Poverty: Ethnic Perspectives. Men and Masculinities, 19(5), 480–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X15613829
Thompson, C., Smith, D., & Cummins, S. (2018). Understanding the health and wellbeing challenges of the food banking system: A qualitative study of food bank users, providers and referrers in London. Social Science and Medicine, 211, 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.030
Turner, J. S., & Juntune, J. (2018). Perceptions of the Home Environments of Graduate Students Raised in Poverty. Journal of Advanced Academics, 29(2), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X18758259
Tuzzo, S. A., & Braga, C. F. (2016). O processo de triangulação da pesquisa qualitativa: o metafenômeno como gênese. Revista Pesquisa Qualitativa, 4(5), 140–158. Retrieved from https://editora.sepq.org.br/index.php/rpq/article/view/38/31
Xu, H., Wang, C., Wu, J., Liang, Y., Jiao, Y., & Nazneen, S. (2018). Human Poverty Alleviation through Rural Women’s Tourism Entrepreneurship. Journal of China Tourism Research, 14(4), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2018.1507860
Zainudin, M. Z., & Kamarudin, M. F. (2015). Impacts on the implementation of social policy: Comparative study in Malaysia and Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 11(17), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n17p48
Zamora-Sarabia, A. L., Guterman, R. H., Sanz-Barbero, B., Rico Gómez, A., & Otero García, L. (2019). Child health and the possibilities for childcare in a context of poverty and food insecurity: The narratives of parents attending a self-managed foodbank in Spain. Health and Social Care in the Community, 27(4), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12712
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:
1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
