Aspectos nutricionales en el manejo de la Diabetes mellitus gestacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.42173Palabras clave:
Diabetes gestacional; Factores de riesgo; Riesgos de salud; Índice glucémico; DASH; Dieta mediterránea.Resumen
La Diabetes mellitus se caracteriza por ser una patología que se puede encontrar principalmente en tres tipos diferentes, y entre estos se encuentra la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). La DMG se desarrolla durante el embarazo, a partir de la resistencia a la insulina y presenta algunos factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, como obesidad y sobrepeso, antecedentes familiares y edad materna avanzada. Así, el objetivo es comprender esta patología y el papel de la nutrición en su tratamiento y su prevención, a partir de la lectura de artículos y la realización de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Existen riesgos que este tipo de diabetes pueden generar para la salud de la madre y el feto, a saber, preeclampsia, predisposición a desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2, macrosomía y aumento del riesgo de obesidad. A partir de la comprensión de estos puntos, el seguimiento nutricional se entiende como efectivo en la prevención y tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional. La dieta de bajo índice glucémico, DASH y la dieta mediterránea son eficaces en el control glucémico durante la diabetes gestacional y actúan también en la prevención de esta patología, con el fin de favorecer embarazos sin mayores intercurrencias y hábitos alimentarios más saludables.
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