Liberalización de equipos agrícolas: Lecciones y desafíos de la cadena de valor del marañón en Moçambique

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i14.42789

Palabras clave:

Reorientación de subsidios; Anacardium occidentale; Aplicación de pesticidas; Empleos rurales.

Resumen

La adopción de subsidios en la agricultura es tema de debate internacional. Sin embargo, en la década de 1990, Mozambique optó por una política de subsidios en la cadena productiva del marañón, apuntando a la recuperación de la producción y la industria. El objetivo de este estudio es entender cómo esta política impactó la producción, comprender los desafíos y las lecciones de la retirada de los subsidios y liberalización del mercado de equipos. Por muestreo, se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas a 355 beneficiarios directos de subsidios para el tratamiento químico del marañón. El contenido de las entrevistas incluyó entre otros aspectos como el perfil demográfico, tipo y procedencia de los equipos, año y número de adquisiciones y eficiencia del servicio prestado. Del archivo del IAM-IP se agregó el número de beneficiarios del programa y cifras de producción comercializada de nueces del marañón. Los datos fueron analizados con base en estadística descriptiva, construyendo gráficos de distribución de frecuencias y correlaciones utilizando Excel. Los resultados demuestran que la política de subsidio alcanzó 14% del universo de productores del marañón e impulsó de 50 mil toneladas al triplo de la producción comercializada. Igualmente, generó 9208 empleos permanentes para hombres (95%) con edades entre 46 y 60 años (49%) y con enseñanza escolar heterogénea. La retirada de subsidios y liberalización de equipos amplió la adquisición de máquinas, reduciendo su calidad. Por lo tanto, en un sistema de mercado liberalizado, la reorientación de subsidios debe servir para regular el tipo de equipos, mejorar la calidad, la fiscalidad, y la eficiencia de aplicación. Esta lección puede extrapolarse para subsidios en la adquisición de pesticidas.

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Publicado

22/12/2023

Cómo citar

FUREDE, E. M.; UACIQUETE, A. . .; NHANENGUE, C. L. Liberalización de equipos agrícolas: Lecciones y desafíos de la cadena de valor del marañón en Moçambique. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 14, p. e91121442789, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i14.42789. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/42789. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas