El papel de la estimulación magnética transcraneal en la inducción de la neuroplasticidad en la rehabilitación post accidente cerebrovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i11.43547Palabras clave:
Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal; Accidente Cerebrovascular; Terapéutica.Resumen
Introducción: Los cambios estructurales a nivel celular impactan en cambios funcionales en el cerebro como resultado de las conexiones entre las múltiples redes responsables de las funciones del Sistema Nervioso Central. El accidente cerebrovascular modifica el patrón de conectividad funcional de las regiones del cerebro, lo que resulta en déficits intrínsecos al papel que ahora desempeñan las neuronas perdidas. Objetivo: comprender, a partir de la literatura, las implicaciones terapéuticas de la Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal en pacientes que padecen accidente cerebrovascular. Metodología: se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Resultados y discusión: La isquemia en regiones de la corteza motora primaria resulta en una asimetría entre los hemisferios cerebrales, caracterizada por un aumento del reclutamiento y una reducción anormal de la inhibición cortical en la corteza motora primaria contralateral al hemisferio lesionado. Esta asimetría en la inhibición interhemisférica produce disparidad en el desempeño de la rehabilitación. En consecuencia, la recuperación es centralmente limitada. La estimulación de la corteza motora primaria contralesional y del cerebelo mejora la espasticidad muscular y la discinesia de las extremidades. La estimulación por repetición ha demostrado una utilidad importante en el tratamiento de la afasia post-ictus concomitante con logopedia. Entre los cambios en el estado mental, la depresión es la más común. Consideraciones finales: Las condiciones secundarias al déficit neuronal provocado por un ictus afectan múltiples dimensiones de la vida del paciente. Es una estrategia segura, no invasiva y que produce buenos resultados. Es un dispositivo prometedor cuya relevancia no debe ignorarse ni descuidarse.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Lucas Ferrari da Silva Mendes; Isadora Fonseca Pinheiro; Verival Ferreira Dias dos Santos Júnior; Anne Kaline Marques Portela Leal; Mizael Siqueira de Araujo; Rita de Kássia Santos Costa; Lourivan Leal de Sousa
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