Psicodélicos y funciones cognitivas: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i14.44436Palabras clave:
Sustancias psicodélicas; Voluntarios sanos; Cognición.Resumen
Introducción: Con el progresivo avance de los ensayos clínicos y experimentales direccionados a investigar el potencial farmacoterapéutico de las sustancias psicodélicas, también se desarrollan otras concepciones de uso, no sólo para el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos, sino también para la mejora de funciones emocionales/cognitivas. Objetivo: El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática de investigaciones destinadas a evaluar los efectos de los psicodélicos sobre las funciones cognitivas en voluntarios sanos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, utilizando los términos de búsqueda ““psychedelics and cognitive enhancement”; y “psychedelics and cognitive performance”. Resultados y conclusiones: De los estudios experimentales analizados, sólo quarenta y seis (46) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la 3,4-metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) fue la droga más estudiada, con dieciocho (18) artículos. Se publicaron catorce (14) artículos con psilocibina. La dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (LSD) ocupó el tercer lugar, con seis (6) artículos; otros dos (2) estudios se centraron en investigar la bebida ayahuasca, y outro (1) su molécula que contiene psicoactivos: dimetiltriptamina (DMT). Ocho (8) estudios investigaron los efectos de otras drogas psicodélicas, como S-ketamina, mescalina, 3,4-metilendioxianfetamina (MDE) e ibogaína. Aunque no se produjeron efectos adversos graves derivados del uso de las drogas psicodélicas investigadas, todavía se justifica una evaluación rigurosa de los riesgos potenciales del uso a largo plazo y de las ventajas del uso contínuo de estas drogas mediante evaluaciones neuropsicológicas.
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