Psicodélicos e funções cognitivas: Uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i14.44436Palavras-chave:
Substâncias psicodélicas; Voluntários saudáveis; Cognição.Resumo
Introdução: Com o recente retorno e progressivo avanço dos ensaios clínicos e experimentais voltados para a investigação do potencial farmacoterapêutico de substâncias psicodélicas, surge o desenvolvimento também de outras concepções de uso, não apenas para o tratamento de transtornos psíquicos, mas também para aprimoramento de funções emocionais/cognitivas. Objetivo: O objeto deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos que avaliaram a utilização de drogas psicodélicas sobre processos cognitivos em voluntários saudáveis. Método: Foi realizada uma busca na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os termos de busca “psychedelics and cognitive enhancement”; e “psychedelics and cognitive performance”. Resultados e conclusões: Dos estudos experimentais analisados, verificou-se que somente quarenta e seis (46) preenchiam os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA) foi a droga mais estudada, encontrada em dezoito (18) artigos. Quatorze (14) artigos foram publicados com a psilocibina. Seis (6) artigos investigaram os efeitos da dietilamida do ácido lisérgico (LSD); dois (2) estudos investigaram os efeitos da ayahuasca, e outro (1) de sua molécula psicoativa: a dimetiltriptamina (DMT). Oito (8) artigos investigaram os efeitos de outras drogas psicodélicas: a S-cetamina, mescalina, metilenodioxianfetamina (MDE) e a ibogaína. Embora não tenham sido verificados efeitos adversos graves decorrentes da utilização das substâncias psicodélicas e medicinas tradicionais investigadas, estudos adicionais sobre o potencial de risco de uso a longo prazo e sobre o nível de abrangência das variáveis presentes nas avaliações neuropsicológicas apresentadas ainda são necessários.
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