Correlación de la fuerza muscular y la función de la rodilla informada después de un injerto de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA), una lesión del LCA no reparada y rodillas sanas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44755Palabras clave:
Fuerza muscular; Rodilla; Ligamento cruzado anterior; Cuestionarios.Resumen
Introducción: Se pueden utilizar muchos instrumentos para la evaluación funcional después de una lesión o reconstrucción del LCA, y estos incluyen la evaluación de la estabilidad, la evaluación de factores neuromusculares como la fuerza y la percepción del paciente sobre la función de su rodilla. El dinamómetro manual (DM) es un instrumento de evaluación de la fuerza que puede utilizarse en entornos donde la evaluación isocinética no es viable. El cuestionario Lyshom y las escalas de Tegner y del Comité Internacional de Documentación de la Rodilla (CIDR) son instrumentos validados para la evaluación subjetiva de la función. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre la fuerza muscular y la función informada de la rodilla después de un injerto de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), una lesión del LCA no reparada y rodillas sanas. Métodos: Se evaluaron 95 sujetos masculinos, 36 con reconstrucción del LCA, 23 con lesión del LCA no reparada y 36 sin lesiones de rodilla. Todos fueron evaluados con el cuestionario de Lysholm, las escalas de Tegner e IKDC. La fuerza muscular se evaluó con el DM y se utilizó el Índice de simetría lateral (ISL) para correlacionar con la función informada. Resultados: Las puntuaciones más bajas en los cuestionarios de Lysholm y en las escalas de Tegner e IKDC ocurrieron en sujetos con lesiones que no fueron operados, con significancia entre los grupos (p=0,000-0,001). La asociación del ISL con el cuestionario de Lysholm y la escala IKDC se observó en el ISL del 10% y del 15% solo para la extensión (p<0,01). Conclusión: El cuestionario de Lysholm y las escalas de Tegner e IKDC demostraron el nivel de función según la condición clínica, y que la asociación del ISL con la función reportada ocurrió solo para la extensión. Para la evaluación funcional de la rodilla se debe considerar la asociación de pruebas de fuerza, pruebas funcionales y cuestionarios. El DM debe ser una herramienta a considerar ante la ausencia del Dinamómetro Isocinético, y porque es superior al test de fuerza muscular manual (TMM).
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