Etiquetado frontal de alimentos de América del Sur: Una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i2.44949Palabras clave:
Etiquetado nutricional; Seguridad y calidad de los alimentos; Alimentos procesados; Información sanitaria al consumidor; Industria alimentaria.Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue mapear y sintetizar la producción científica del conocimiento sobre el etiquetado frontal de envases de alimentos en países sudamericanos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance en 2023, basada en la guía del Instituto Joanna Briggs, utilizando estrategia de búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas: LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus, sin restricciones de idioma o año de publicación. El proceso de análisis se realizo mediante revisión ciega por dos revisores: 1) selección de artículos en plataforma Rayyan, 2) extracción de datos con formulario estandarizado, 3) diagrama de flujo y lista de verificación PRISMA, 4) cálculos de frecuencias y organización de hallazgos. La estrategia de búsqueda identificó 2.711 registros, 94 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Hubo predominio de estudios de Uruguay y del año 2020; 61% eran observacionales transversales y 57% tenían alcance local. Los resultados abordaron la calidad nutricional y composición de los alimentos, la industria alimentaria, tipos de etiquetado y la elección de alimentos del consumidor. La síntesis reveló una heterogeneidad en los resultados en cuanto a la efectividad de los tipos de etiquetado y la calidad nutricional de los alimentos envasados debido a las diferentes poblaciones estudiadas. El mapeo permitió identificar la resistencia de la industria alimentaria a la implementación de políticas, incluso ante evidencias de mejoras en la elección alimentaria del consumidor, independientemente del tipo de etiquetado frontal utilizado. Se sugiere que nuevos estudios investiguen diferentes metodologías de etiquetado de manera más robusta en diferentes países.
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