Participación de los padres en los cuidados tempranos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i3.45174Palabras clave:
Prematuridad; Desarrollo infantil; Intervención educativa temprana; Familia; Unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales.Resumen
El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar estudios sobre el cuidado centrado en la familia en la intervención temprana en bebés prematuros, haciendo hincapié en la participación de los padres, con un enfoque en el contexto de Portugal. A nivel mundial, nacen anualmente 15 millones de bebés prematuros, con una tasa de aproximadamente el 8% en Portugal. Durante las últimas cinco décadas, las tasas de nacimientos prematuros han aumentado mientras que la mortalidad infantil ha disminuido, lo que indica avances en el cuidado obstétrico y neonatal. Los recién nacidos prematuros enfrentan riesgos significativos, incluyendo retrasos en el desarrollo, déficits sensoriales, dificultades de aprendizaje y parálisis cerebral. Las intervenciones tempranas son esenciales para referir a estos niños a servicios que promuevan su desarrollo durante los períodos de plasticidad neuronal máxima. La Intervención Temprana (IT) ha mostrado resultados prometedores mejorando los resultados del desarrollo y reduciendo el impacto de los factores de riesgo biológicos y sociales. Sin embargo, hay escasez de investigación nacional sobre este tema. Este estudio revisó artículos desde 2015 hasta 2022, identificando 17 que abordaron a los recién nacidos prematuros, la intervención temprana y el cuidado familiar, evaluando la calidad de los ensayos clínicos con la Escala de Evaluación PEDro. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de la intervención temprana y el cuidado familiar para el desarrollo de los bebés prematuros y sus familias, resaltando la necesidad de más investigación nacional en esta área. Promover estudios adicionales puede mejorar la comprensión y mejorar el cuidado para esta población vulnerable.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Fernanda Alves de Britto Guimarães Oliveira; Maria Teresa Perlico Machado Brandão
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