Participação de pais nos cuidados precoces em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i3.45174Palavras-chave:
Prematuridade; Desenvolvimento infantil; Intervenção precoce; Família; Unidade de cuidado intensivo neonatal.Resumo
O artigo tem como objetivo analisar estudos sobre cuidados centrados na família na intervenção precoce em bebês prematuros, enfatizando a participação dos pais, com destaque para o contexto em Portugal. Anualmente, 15 milhões de bebês nascem prematuros globalmente, sendo a taxa em Portugal de aproximadamente 8%. Nas últimas cinco décadas, as taxas de nascimentos prematuros aumentaram, enquanto a mortalidade infantil diminuiu, indicando avanços nos cuidados obstétricos e neonatais. Recém-nascidos prematuros enfrentam riscos significativos, como atrasos no desenvolvimento, défices sensoriais, dificuldades de aprendizagem e paralisia cerebral. Intervenções precoces são essenciais para encaminhar essas crianças a serviços que promovam seu desenvolvimento no período de maior a plasticidade neuronal. A Intervenção Precoce (IP) tem mostrado ser promissora, promovendo ganhos significativos em termos de desenvolvimento e reduzindo impacto dos fatores de risco biológicos e sociais. No entanto, verifica-se escassez de pesquisas nacionais sobre o tema. O presente estudo centrou-se na revisão de artigos no periodo de 2015 a 2022, identificando 17 que abordaram as temáticas em análise: recém-nascidos prematuros, intervenção precoce e cuidados familiares, tendo sida avaliada a qualidade dos ensaios clínicos com base na Escala de Avaliação PEDro. O artigo destaca a relevância da intervenção precoce e dos cuidados familiares para o desenvolvimento de bebês prematuros e suas famílias, ressaltando a necessidade de mais pesquisas nacionais nessa área. A promoção de estudos adicionais pode ampliar o entendimento e melhorar os cuidados oferecidos a essa população vulnerável.
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