Vitamina D y enfermedades infectocontagiosas en la pandemia de COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4614Palabras clave:
SARS; Coronavirus; Tratamiento; H1N1; Influenza.Resumen
La nueva pandemia de la enfermedad coronavirus (COVID-19) surgió a fines de 2019 en Wuhan, China, y se extendió rápidamente por todo el mundo. Teniendo en cuenta su velocidad de transmisión rápida, COVID-19 se ha convertido en una amenaza para la salud pública en todo el mundo. Por lo tanto, se deben proponer ideas objetivas basadas en evidencia científica para el tratamiento de pacientes infectados. La vitamina D es una hormona que juega un papel importante en la regulación de la función del sistema inmune. Las principales fuentes de obtención de vitamina D son los alimentos y el proceso de síntesis en el cuerpo iniciado en la piel, a través de la fotorreacción mediada por la luz solar, en la que la pre-vitamina D se isomeriza en pro-vitamina D. Posteriormente, se metaboliza en el hígado a 25-hidroxivitamina D, y convertida al riñón en su forma activa, 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D. Debido a su papel clave en la mejora de la respuesta inmune, la vitamina D puede afectar positivamente el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades infecciosas, tales como influenza y H1N1. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo informar sobre el uso de vitamina D como un posible aliado en el tratamiento de COVID-19. Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión indican que la vitamina D puede tener funciones inmunomoduladoras y antiinflamatorias, lo que beneficia significativamente el tratamiento de las infecciones virales. Se recomienda que se realicen ensayos clínicos aleatorios y grandes estudios de población para ayudar a dilucidar el papel efectivo de la vitamina D en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19.
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