Manifestaciones, diagnóstico y tratamiento del sarcoma de Kaposi diseminado: Una revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i11.47533

Palabras clave:

Sarcoma de Kaposi; Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmunitaria; Infecciones por VIH.

Resumen

El sarcoma de Kaposi consiste en una neoplasia mesenquimatosa multifocal, causada por el virus del herpes humano tipo 8 y que tiene una incidencia asociada al Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Humana Adquirida, siendo una de las enfermedades definitorias del SIDA. Se presenta con neoangiogénesis, infiltrado inflamatorio, lesión vascular y afectación endotelial, asociado a afectación mucocutánea más frecuente y posibilidad de afectación de vísceras y ganglios linfáticos. Tiene una presentación más agresiva cuando se asocia con el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana, con posible afectación del tracto gastrointestinal, pulmones, mucosa oral y genitales. La historia clínica y la aparición de lesiones cutáneas características, con hallazgos histopatológicos específicos en la biopsia, son la base del diagnóstico. En el abordaje terapéutico en casos de asociación de sarcoma de Kaposi con SIDA, se incluye el uso de terapia antirretroviral para todos los pacientes, independientemente del recuento de CD4, reservando la quimioterapia para pacientes con enfermedades en estadio avanzado o en casos con evidencia de progresión rápida. El objetivo del presente estudio es presentar una revisión narrativa de la literatura que busca ampliar el debate sobre el tema desde la perspectiva del estudio del Sarcoma de Kaposi diseminado tras el inicio de la terapia antirretroviral. La llegada de la terapia antirretroviral para controlar la infección por VIH puede conducir a una reducción significativa de la incidencia y agresividad del sarcoma de Kaposi y, paradójicamente, el propio TAR también participa en el proceso de manifestación de la enfermedad, contextualizando el Síndrome de Reconstitución Inmunológica Inflamatoria.

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Publicado

22/11/2024

Cómo citar

SIQUEIRA, Áthila de A. .; MORCERF, C. C. P. .; MARQUES, J. M. de A. . Manifestaciones, diagnóstico y tratamiento del sarcoma de Kaposi diseminado: Una revisión de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 11, p. e136131147533, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i11.47533. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47533. Acesso em: 26 nov. 2024.

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