Diabetes mellitus gestacional: Repercusiones en la salud materna y fetal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47571Palabras clave:
Diabetes gestacional; Embarazo; Complicaciones del embarazo; Diabetes mellitus; Macrosomía fetal.Resumen
La Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) es una condición diagnosticada en el embarazo, con impactos importantes en la salud materna y fetal a corto y largo plazo. Las mujeres embarazadas con DMG tienen un mayor riesgo de complicaciones inmediatas, como trastornos hipertensivos, polidramnio y necesidad de cesáreas, especialmente en casos de diagnóstico precoz. A largo plazo, la DMG aumenta significativamente el riesgo de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), síndrome metabólico y enfermedades cardiovasculares, y hasta el 60% de las mujeres afectadas desarrollan DM2. Sin embargo, solo la mitad de ellas se rastrean para la DM2 después del parto. Para el feto, la DMG se asocia con macrosomía, hipoglucemia neonatal, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y miocardiopatía hipertrófica a corto plazo. A largo plazo, la exposición al entorno hiperglucémico aumenta el riesgo de obesidad, DM2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares en la descendencia. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las principales complicaciones para la madre y el recién nacido asociadas al DMG a través de un estudio de revisión bibliográfica narrativa. El diagnóstico y el control glucémico adecuados durante el embarazo son cruciales para reducir las complicaciones inmediatas y mejorar los resultados futuros para la madre y el niño.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Fernanda da Costa Freitas; Tatiane Soares Silva; Andréa Kelly da Silva Maldonado; Camila Bertoloni
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