Diabetes mellitus gestacional: Impactos na saúde materna e fetal

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47571

Palavras-chave:

Diabetes gestacional; Gravidez; Complicações na gravidez; Diabetes mellitus; Macrossomia fetal.

Resumo

O Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) é uma condição diagnosticada na gravidez, com impactos importantes na saúde materna e fetal a curto e longo prazo. Gestantes com DMG têm maior risco de complicações imediatas, como distúrbios hipertensivos, polidrâmnio e necessidade de cesarianas, especialmente em casos de diagnóstico precoce. A longo prazo, o DMG aumenta significativamente o risco de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares, com até 60% das mulheres afetadas desenvolvendo DM2. Apesar disso, apenas metade delas é rastreada para DM2 no pós-parto. Para o feto, o DMG está associado a macrossomia, hipoglicemia neonatal, síndrome do desconforto respiratório e miocardiopatia hipertrófica no curto prazo. A longo prazo, a exposição ao ambiente hiperglicêmico eleva o risco de obesidade, DM2 e doenças cardiovasculares na prole. O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar as principais complicações para mãe e neonato associadas ao DMG por meio de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica narrativa. O diagnóstico e o controle glicêmico adequados durante a gestação são cruciais para reduzir complicações imediatas e melhorar os desfechos futuros para mãe e filho.

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30/11/2024

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FREITAS, F. da C. .; SILVA, T. S.; MALDONADO, A. K. da S. .; BERTOLONI, C. Diabetes mellitus gestacional: Impactos na saúde materna e fetal . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 12, p. e42131247571, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47571. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47571. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2025.

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Ciências da Saúde