Evaluación del perfil nutricional de practicantes de Crossfit

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47607

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento de fuerza; Entrenamiento aeróbico; Rendimiento atlético; Ciencias de la nutrición y del deporte; Suplementos dietéticos.

Resumen

El entrenamiento funcional CrossFit® ha ido ganando popularidad, convirtiéndose sus variados "Entrenamientos del día" (WOD) en una práctica común. Los entrenamientos se caracterizan por su alta exigencia física, la cual es ampliamente adoptada por los deportistas tácticos, aunque aún existe poca información sobre los factores que influyen en el rendimiento en CrossFit ®. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo identificar los factores dietéticos y el perfil nutricional del rendimiento de CrossFit® y los factores que pueden maximizar el rendimiento. El presente estudio fue realizado a través de una revisión de la literatura bibliográfica, en la que se utilizaron documentos científicos y documentos oficiales de Organismos Nacionales e Internacionales de Salud y se seleccionaron trabajos publicados en los últimos diez años (2014-2024) en portugués e inglés. Las bases de datos investigadas fueron SCIELO, PUBMED y EBSCO, que identificaron dietas predominantes entre los practicantes y factores que contribuyen a mejorar el rendimiento como el sueño, la ingesta de agua y la suplementación. Los artículos analizados presentan resultados variados y ningún parámetro específico que destaque como destaque universal, en asociación con el rendimiento en CrossFit®, independientemente del WOD. Sin embargo, algunos estudios indican que la experiencia competitiva combinada con la composición corporal puede influir en el rendimiento, mientras que los estudios sobre la suplementación no presentan evidencia consistente que confirme su efectividad en general, destacando la necesidad de realizar más estudios longitudinales para una mayor clarificación.

Citas

Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Wong, S. H. & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2011). Carbohydrates for training and competition.. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29( Suppl 1), S17-S27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.585473

Box, A. G. et al. (2019). Individual differences influence exercise behavior: how personality, motivation, and behavioral regulation vary among exercise mode preferences. Heliyon, 5(4), e01459 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01459

Brisebois, M. et al. (2022). Dietary practices and supplement use among CrossFit® participants. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 19(1), 316-335 . https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2086016

Brustoli, M. R. et al. (2024). Avaliação do perfil alimentar pré e pós-treino de praticantes de crossfit®. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 18(108), 13-22. https ://www .rbne .com .br /index .php /rbne /article /view /1879

Casarin, C. A. S., Battaazza, R. A. & Lamolha, M. A. (2019). Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves performance in the isometric fatigue protocol.Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 25(1), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517 -869220192501190091

Cosgrove, S J, et al. (2019). Multiple fitness improvements found after 6-months of high intensity functional training. Esportes, 7(9), 203. https ://doi .org /10.3390 /sports7090203

Cunha, M. C. F., Junqueira, A. C. P. & Carvalho, P. H. B. (2022). Disordered eating behaviors among CrossFit athletes.. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 71(4), 280-7. https://doi.org /10.4763 / jbpsiq -22 -0123.

Devrim-Lanpir, A., et al. (2024). Effects of acute citrulline malate supplementation on CrossFit® exercise performance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Nutrients, 16(19), 3235. https ://doi .org /10.3390 /nu16193235

Durkalec-Michalski, K., Zawieja, E. E., Podgórski, T., Łoniewski, I., Zawieja, B. E., Warzybok, M., & Jeszka, J. (2018). The effect of chronic progressive-dose sodium bicarbonate ingestion on CrossFit-like performance: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. PLOS ONE, 13(5), e0197480. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197480

Durkalec-Michalski, K., Nowaczyk, P M, & Siedzik, K. (2019). Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1) , 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9

Durkalec-Michalski, K., et al. (2021).Is a four-week ketogenic diet an effective nutritional strategy in CrossFit-trained female and male athletes?? Nutrients, 13 (3), 864. https ://doi .org /10.3390 /nu13030864

Durkalec-Michalski, K., et al. (2022) . Effect of a four-week vegan diet on performance, training efficiency and blood biochemical indices in CrossFit-trained participants.. Nutrients , 1 ( 4), 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040894

Escobar, K. A., Morales, J., & Vandusseldorp, T. A. (2016). The effect of a moderately-low and high carbohydrate intake on CrossFit performance.International Journal of Exercise Science , 9(4), 460-70. Disponível em https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol9/iss4/8

Faelli, E., et al. (2020) . Acute and chronic catabolic responses to CrossFit® and resistance training in young males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197172

Fernández-Lázaro, D. et al. (2021). Os efeitos de 6 semanas de suplementação de Tribulus terrestris L. na composição corporal, resposta hormonal, esforço percebido e desempenho no CrossFit®: Um estudo randomizado, simples-cego e controlado por placebo. Nutrients , 1 (3969). https ://doi .org /10.3390 /nu13113969

Garnacho-Castaño, M. V. et al. (2020). The Effects of 6 Weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. Supplementation on Body Composition, Hormonal Response, Perceived Exertion, and CrossFit® Performance: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1) , 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z

Glassman, G. (2002). What is fitness?CrossFit Journal, 3, 1-11. Recuperado de https ://library .crossfit .com /free /pdf /CFJ -trial .pdf

Glassman , G. ( 2015 ). The Crossfit Training Guide. Journal of Crossfit.. Recuperado de https://chriskeithpersonaltraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/CrossFitExerciseTrainingGuide.pdf

Głowka, N., et al. (2024). The dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on performance, reaction time and postural stability in CrossFit - a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial., 21(1). https ://doi .org /10.1080 /15502783.2023.2301384

Gogojewicz, A., et al. (2020).Assessment of dietary intake and nutritional status in CrossFit-trained individuals: a descriptive study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13)https ://doi.org /10.3390 /ijerp

Grijota, F. J., Toro-Román, V., Bartolomé, I., Cordero-Román, E., López, C. S., Jiménez, J. M., & Martínez-Guardado, I. (2024). Acute Effects of 30 g Cyclodextrin Intake during CrossFit® Training on Performance and Fatigue. Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010027

Diário CrossFit. (2023). Os cinco principais mitos sobre hidratação desmascarados. Diário CrossFit. Réhttps ://dia.crossfi.com /artigo/top -cinco -hidra-mitos -desmascarados -2

Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Arciero, P. J., Ormsbee, M. J., Taylor, L. W., Wilborn, C. D., Kalman, D. S., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D. S., Hoffman, J. R., … Antonio, J. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8

Kephart, W. C., Pledge, C. D., Roberson, P. A., Mumford, P. W., Romero, M. A., Mobley, C. B., Martin, J. S., Young, K. C., Lowery, R. P., Wilson, J. M., Huggins, K. W., & Roberts, M. D. (2018). The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study. Sports, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001

Kerksick, C. M., Arent, S., Schoenfeld, B. J., Stout, J. R., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C. D., Taylor, L., Kalman, D., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D., Arciero, P. J., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Ormsbee, M. J., Wildman, R., Greenwood, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Aragon, A. A., & Antonio, J. (2017). International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4

Kramer, S. J., Baur, D. A., Spicer, M. T., Vukovich, M. D. & Ormsbee, M. J. (2016). O efeito de seis dias de suplementação dietética de nitrato no desempenho em atletas treinados de CrossFit. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0150-y

Lins, T. C. de L., & de Souza, L. P. V. (2020). Dieta pré e pós treino em praticantes de crossfit®: um perfil qualitativo do consumo de alimentos e suplementos. RBNE - Revista Brasileira De Nutrição Esportiva, 13(82), 946-953. Recuperado de https://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/1493

Martin, R. A. X. J. et al. (2023). The effects of enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation on 2 km rowing performance in female CrossFit® athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123 (6), 1191-https ://doi.org/10.1007 /s-023--05140 -4

Matias-Pereira, J. (2019). Manual de metodologia da pesquisa científica (4ª ed.). Atlas

Mattos, P. de C. (2015). Tipos de revisão de literatura. Botucatu: Unesp. https://www.f.unesp.br /Início/Biblioteca/tipos -de--evisão -de -lit.pdf

Menargues-Ramírez, R., et al. (2022). Evaluation of body composition in CrossFit® athletes and the relation with their results in official trainingInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (17), https ://doi.org//10.3/ijerph191711

Oliveira, A. A. & Oliveira, A. A. (2017). Suplementação e performance em praticantes de CrossFit. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(66), 719-723. Recuperado de hthttps://www.rbne.com.br/in.php /rbne /a/visualizar//890

Outlaw, J. J., Smith-Ryan, A .E. et al. (2014). Effects of a pre-and post-workout protein-carbohydrate supplement in trained CrossFit individuals. SpringerPlus, 3, 369. https://doi.org/1/2193 -1801--3 -369

Pearson, R. C. & Jenkins, N. T. (2022).Dietary Intake of Adults Who Participate in CrossFit® Exercise Regimens. Esportes, 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10030038.

Phillips, S. M. et al. (2016). Protein "requirements" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health.” Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism. Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 41(5), 565-572. https://https://doi.org/10.1139 /apnm--2015 -0550

Santos Quaresma, M. V. L. et al. (2023). Prevalence of dietary supplement consumption among CrossFit practitioners. Nutrire, 48 , 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41110-023-00193-z

Simões, G. D., et al. (2024). Sleep quality in CrossFit: a cross-sectional study.l. Sleep Science, 17(1), ehttps://doi.org/10/s -0-1778014

Stein, J. A., Ramirez, M., & Heinrich, K. M. (2020). Acute Caffeine Supplementation Does Not Improve Performance in Trained CrossFit® Athletes. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 8(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8040054

Supriya, R., Shishvan, S. R., Kefayati, M., Abednatanzi, H., Razi, O., Bagheri, R., Escobar, K. A., Pashaei, Z., Saeidi, A., Shahrbanian, S., Bagchi, S., Sengupta, P., Al Kiyumi, M. H., Heinrich, K. M., & Zouhal, H. (2023). Astaxanthin Supplementation Augments the Benefits of CrossFit Workouts on Semaphorin 3C and Other Adipokines in Males with Obesity. Nutrients, 15(22), 4803. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224803

Tibana, R. A. et al. (2016). Two consecutive days of Crossfit training affects pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoprotegerin without impairments in muscle power.Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 260. https://doi.org/10.3389/f.2016.00260

Tibana, R. A., De Sousa, N. M. F., Prestes, J. & Voltarelli, F. A. (2018). Lactato, frequência cardíaca e classificação de respostas de esforço percebidas em sessões de treinamento CrossFit ® de duração mais curta e mais longa. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 3(4), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk3040060

Volek, J. S. F. et al. (2016). Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners. . Metabolismo, 65 (3),https ://doi.org /10.101/j .metabol .201

Wood, E R, et al. (2022). Tornando-se um praticante de CrossFit: Gerenciamentos do corpo dentro e fora dos boxes. Movimento, 28, e28038 https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.116972.

Zawieja, E., et al. (2023). Betaine supplementation improves CrossFit performance and increases testosterone levels, but has no influence on Wingate power: randomized crossover trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 20(1).https ://doi.org /10/15502783.

Ziyaiyan, A., Shabkhiz, F., & Hofmeister, M. (2023). Supplementation of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate together could not improve performance and performance-related factors in CrossFit participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 20 1), 2https ://d.org /10.108/155027.

Publicado

30/11/2024

Cómo citar

GUSMÃO, K. W. M. V. de .; RIBEIRO, Y. T. S. .; ALMEIDA, S. G. de . Evaluación del perfil nutricional de practicantes de Crossfit . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 12, p. e36131247607, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47607. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47607. Acesso em: 7 ene. 2025.

Número

Sección

Revisiones