Relación entre la sobrevida del cáncer de colon, linfonodos resecados y las características clínico- demográficas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i4.48557

Palabras clave:

Cáncer colorrectal (CCR); Supervivencia; Ganglios linfáticos.

Resumen

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la supervivencia del cáncer de colon, los ganglios linfáticos resecados y sus características clínico-demográficas. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: El estudio revisó 230 registros médicos de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal (CCR), más de la mitad de los cuales eran mujeres entre 50 y 75 años. El 71,3% de las cirugías fueron electivas, realizándose el 65,2% mediante videolaparoscopia, siendo la localización más frecuente el colon rectosigmoide en 6 de 10 pacientes. Los pacientes mayores de 50 años tuvieron una supervivencia media más larga, de 96 meses. La supervivencia fue mayor para los tumores en el colon transverso, N0 y estadio IIB. La mayoría de los tumores se clasificaron como T3 (54,8%) y N0 (53,9%). El 90% de los pacientes estaban en M0. La supervivencia fue mayor en los pacientes con 12 o más ganglios linfáticos extirpados (88 meses) en comparación con menos de 12 (80 meses). El 89,6% no recibió terapia neoadyuvante, pero entre los que sí la recibieron, el 9,1% utilizó quimioterapia y radioterapia. La quimioterapia fue el tratamiento adyuvante en el 52,6% de los casos. Conclusión: El CCR sigue siendo un problema de salud, con una incidencia creciente en pacientes más jóvenes. La supervivencia general está influenciada por factores como la ubicación del tumor, el sexo, la edad, el estadio de la enfermedad y la afectación de los ganglios linfáticos. En el estudio, la extirpación de 12 o más ganglios linfáticos no proporcionó una ventaja significativa en la supervivencia y la presencia de ganglios linfáticos metastásicos empeoró el pronóstico. La linfadenectomía sigue siendo fundamental en el tratamiento curativo del CCR, permitiendo una mejor estadificación y orientación para la terapia adyuvante.

Citas

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Publicado

07/04/2025

Cómo citar

SARMIENTO ÁLVAREZ, M. M.; SANTIAGO, F. J.; ORTIZ VILLAVICENCIO, C. B.; BUSTAMANTE GARCIA, C. A.; PICÓN SAAVEDRA, S.; DAVID, G. V. A.; COTTA PEREIRA, G. L. Relación entre la sobrevida del cáncer de colon, linfonodos resecados y las características clínico- demográficas. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 4, p. e1914448557, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i4.48557. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48557. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2025.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud