Eixo intestino-cérebro e modulação imunoneuroendócrina em doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas: Uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14185Palavras-chave:
Microbioma Gastrointestinal; Resposta Imune Ativa; Transtornos Mentais; Sistemas Neurossecretores; Doenças do sistema nervoso.Resumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a influência do eixo cérebro-intestino na modulação neuroendócrina e imunológica em distúrbios neurológicos e psiquiátricos. Esta revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA), e as pesquisas foram realizadas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e SciELO usando combinações dos descritores Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Neurosecretory Systems, Immune Response, Nervous System Diseases e Mental Disorders. A partir dos 144 estudos gerados pelo cruzamento dos descritores, 32 foram excluídos por estarem duplicados nas bases de dados, 13 por não estarem relacionados aos objetivos da revisão e outros 29 por não atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade selecionados. Portanto, 70 estudos foram incluídos na presente revisão. A comunicação entre o trato gastrintestinal e o SNC ocorre através das vias neuronal, endócrina e imunológica por meio de a) produção de neurotransmissores, b) metabolismo do triptofano, c) modulação da atividade imunológica no SNC e SNE, d) produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, e) a produção de hormônios intestinais e f) a produção de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada.
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