Produção de biodiesel utilizando cossolventes: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i1.1672Palavras-chave:
Transesterificação; Ésteres de ácidos graxos; Variáveis de processo.Resumo
O biodiesel é um biocombustível renovável e biodegradável, obtido geralmente pela transesterificação de materiais graxos. Em razão de sua importância na diversificação da matriz energética dos países, diversas pesquisas têm sido realizadas para melhorar seu processo produtivo. Uma das tecnologias desenvolvidas consiste no uso de cossolventes no processo. Os cossolventes diminuem a resistência à transferência de massa entre o óleo e o álcool durante a reação química. Neste artigo, foi apresentada uma revisão da literatura sobre a produção de biodiesel utilizando cossolventes. A pesquisa reuniu informações sobre diversos trabalhos relevantes no tema, com o intuito de mostrar o estado da arte, as substâncias mais empregadas como cossolventes e as condições das variáveis de processo que resultam em elevados rendimentos em ésteres. Na catálise básica homogênea de óleos vegetais, o hidróxido de potássio é o catalisador mais empregado. Sua faixa de aplicação varia normalmente de 0,5% a 1,8% em relação à massa de óleo. O tempo de reação pode variar de 10 minutos a 2 horas, a temperatura, de 25 °C a 100 °C, a razão molar de álcool para óleo, de 3:1 a 12:1, e a quantidade de cossolvente, até 30% (m/m), ou em algumas casos, até razão molar de cossolvente para álcool de 0,7:1.
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