Composição química, fitotoxicidade e citogenotoxicidade do óleo essencial de folhas de cultivares de Psidium guajava L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17710Palavras-chave:
Atividade biológica; Bioherbicidas; Cromossomos; Bioensaio vegetal; Terpenos; Índice mitótico.Resumo
Produtos naturais com atividade biológica, como os óleos essenciais, podem ser utilizados na busca e desenvolvimento de herbicidas ecológicos como alternativa para reduzir os danos causados pelos herbicidas sintéticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição química e propriedades fitotóxicas de óleos essenciais, nas concentrações de 3000, 1500, 750, 375 e 187,5 µg/mL, de quatro cultivares de Psidium guajava (goiaba) avaliadas na germinação e crescimento radicular das plantas modelos Lactuca sativa e Sorghum bicolor, bem como no ciclo celular de L. sativa. A exposição aos óleos essenciais reduziu a germinação e o crescimento radicular nos bioensaios, especialmente na concentração mais elevada (3000 µg/mL). Os óleos essenciais interferiram na dinâmica normal do ciclo celular de L. sativa na maioria das concentrações, causando diminuição do índice mitótico e aumento das alterações cromossômicas, evidenciando ação aneugênica e clastogênica. A atividade biológica dos óleos foi associada à presença de sesquiterpenos e monoterpenos aqui encontrados, como óxido de cariofileno, (E) -cariofileno e limoneno. Assim, os óleos essenciais de cultivares de goiaba demonstraram potencial promissor para uso como herbicidas naturais.
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