Encefalite e encefalopatia em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20764

Palavras-chave:

Neuropatia; SARS-CoV-2; Sistema Nervoso Central.

Resumo

Além do trato respiratório ser o principal acometido pela COVID-19, o envolvimento neurológico não é incomum em pacientes internados podendo resultar em complicações graves. Encefalopatia e encefalite são complicações graves e devastadoras do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) que vêm sendo associadas à COVID-19. Esta revisão sistemática reúne dados existentes na literatura a respeito do desenvolvimento de diversos tipos de encefalites e encefalopatias em pacientes com COVID-19. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, resultando em 231 artigos. Restaram 25 trabalhos para compor esta revisão sistemática. Entre eles, 2 foram estudos retrospectivos e 23 são relatos de casos. 12 estudos apresentaram casos com dados consistentes com encefalite e 14 com encefalopatias. Entre eles, alguns casos com tipos mais específicos foram observados mais de uma vez em nossas pesquisas: 3 de meningoencefalite, 3 de Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), 2 de Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), 2 de Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Foram comuns os achados de hiperintensidades da substância branca, cortical ou subcortical. Hipodensidades e hipoatenuação de estruturas profundas da substância branca e hipodensidades focais das estruturas profundas, assim como múltiplas lesões envolvendo hipocampo, gânglios de base, medula, tronco encefálico, tálamo, dentre outras regiões. Estudos pós-morte já demonstraram a presença de partículas virais de SARS-CoV-2 em tecido cerebral. Esse envolvimento do SNC associado à COVID-19 é considerado indicador de prognóstico ruim, podendo levar a rápida deterioração clínica dos pacientes.

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Publicado

27/09/2021

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COSTA, D. A.; DIAS, B. N. .; PEREIRA, B. M. de C. .; COELHO, F. A. da R. .; SANTOS, G. A. dos .; SILVA, J. D. V. .; AGUIAR, M. R. F. .; FERNANDES, T.; PRADO, E. de M. .; CARMO, R. R. de S. .; OLIVEIRA, A. T. Encefalite e encefalopatia em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 12, p. e464101220764, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20764. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/20764. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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v. 10 n. 12

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Artigos de Revisão

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Copyright (c) 2021 Daniele Alcoforado Costa; Brenda Nascimento Dias; Bruna Maria de Carvalho Pereira; Francisco Alex da Rocha Coelho; Grazielle Araújo dos Santos; Joana Darc Viana Silva; Maria Rikelly Frota Aguiar; Thayaná Fernandes; Eduardo de Melo Prado; Rubens Renato de Sousa Carmo; Antônio Thomaz Oliveira

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