Terapia fotodinâmica como adjuvante ao tratamento periodontal: revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21534Palavras-chave:
Doenças Periodontais; Lasers; Fotoquimioterapia.; Doenças periodontais; Lasers; Fotoquimioterapia.Resumo
A doença periodontal é um processo inflamatório crônico de caráter infeccioso que acomete os tecidos de suporte do dente, podendo levar à perda dentária. Atuando como adjuvante no tratamento de doenças periodontais, a terapia fotodinâmica tem ganhado visibilidade. Esse trabalho objetiva abordar a aplicação desse procedimento no tratamento periodontal, suas vantagens e desvantagens, indicações e contraindicações, conceito da técnica, materiais utilizados e resultados clínicos. A metodologia utilizada foi através de uma revisão de literatura, que foi conduzida por meio do acesso à base de dados PubMed e Portal Regional da BVS, com publicações selecionadas entre os anos 1993 e 2021, utilizando palavras chaves sobre o tema em questão. A técnica consiste na associação de uma fonte de luz e um fotossensibilizador, com a finalidade de promover morte microbiana, desinfecção e auxiliar no processo de cicatrização. Pesquisas confirmam diversas vantagens de sua aplicação na prática odontológica, como por exemplo a incapacidade de gerar resistência bacteriana e efeitos colaterais prejudiciais, promover ação localizada, custo acessível e facilidade de execução. Estudos demonstram a efetividade da terapia contra bactérias periodontopatogênicas e seus resultados positivos quando aplicada como auxiliar no tratamento periodontal, visto que permite a eliminação de patógenos retidos em áreas de furca, sulcos, concavidades, áreas distais dos molares e bolsas profundas, que por conta da limitação do tratamento mecânico, acabam permanecendo e recolonizando esses sítios. A perspectiva futura é de que a terapia fotodinâmica ganhe mais espaço na atuação clínica, sendo um adjuvante promissor na obtenção de resultados satisfatórios na periodontia.
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