Alterações no paladar advindos de quimioterapia convencional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.22467Palavras-chave:
Antineoplásicos; Paladar distorcido; Disgeusia; Estomatite; Cavidade oral.Resumo
O câncer está ligado ao aumento desordenado de células, possui a capacidade de invadir tecidos vizinhos no local de origem e/ou instalar-se em órgãos distantes via corrente sanguínea. O tratamento antineoplásico pode gerar efeitos colaterais, na mucosa oral, ficando evidente através do surgimento da mucosite oral. Também podemos observar alterações no paladar, como: hipogeusia, disgeusia, ageusia e hipergeusia. O presente trabalho visa revisar a literatura acerca das alterações do paladar provocadas por 5-fluoruracila (5-FU), leucovorine, oxaliplatina, gencitabine, capecitabine, cisplatina, ciclofosfamida, doxorubicina, irinotecan e metotrexato, sendo medicamentos antineoplásicos convencionais. Este estudo foi realizado através do levantamento de dados no período de 2009 até 2021, a partir da literatura científica na base de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane e Scielo em língua inglesa e espanhola, valendo-se das palavras chaves Antinéoplasicos; Paladar Distorcido; Disgeusia; Estomatite; Cavidade Oral; juntamente com os operadorer booleanos “and” e “or”, de forma a combinar os descritores citados. Diante do exposto, os fármacos quimioterápicos convencionais afetam as células gustativas e os processos bioquímicos referentes a sua renovação celular, gerando alterações no paladar como hipogeusia, disgeusia, ageusia e hipergeusia.
Referências
Acharya, S., Pai, K. M., Bhat, S., Mamatha, B., Bejadi, V. M., & Acharya, S. (2017). Oral changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 28(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_379_16
Aldossary, S. A. (2019). Review on pharmacology of cisplatin: Clinical use, toxicity and mechanism of resistance of cisplatin. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 12(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1608
Amézaga, J., Alfaro, B., Ríos, Y., Larraioz, A., Ugartemendia, G., Urruticoechea, A., & Tueros, I. (2018). Assessing taste and smell alterations in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy according to treatment. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(12), 4077–4086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4277-z
Amrutkar, M., & Gladhaug, I. P. (2017). Pancreatic cancer chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Cancers, 9(11), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers9110157
Aprile, G., Mazzer, M., Moroso, S., & Puglisi, F. (2009). Pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy of capecitabine: Focus on breast and colorectal cancer. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 20(4), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283293fd4
Avau, B., & Depoortere, I. (2016). The bitter truth about bitter taste receptors: Beyond sensing bitter in the oral cavity. Acta Physiologica, 216(4), 407–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12621
Badowski, M. E. (2017). A review of oral cannabinoids and medical marijuana for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a focus on pharmacokinetic variability and pharmacodynamics. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 80(3), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-017-3387-5
Bologna-Molina, R., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Molina-Frechero, N., Mori-Estevez, A. D., & Sánchez-Acuña, G. (2013). Comparison of the value of PCNA and Ki-67 as markers of cell proliferation in ameloblastic tumors. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.18573
Boltong, A., Keast, R., & Aranda, S. (2012). Experiences and consequences of altered taste, flavour and food hedonics during chemotherapy treatment. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20(11), 2765–2774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-012-1398-7
de Vries, Y. C., van den Berg, M. M. G. A., de Vries, J. H. M., Boesveldt, S., de Kruif, J. T. C. M., Buist, N., Haringhuizen, A., Los, M., Sommeijer, D. W., Timmer-Bonte, J. H. N., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., Visser, M., Kampman, E., & Winkels, R. M. (2017). Differences in dietary intake during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients compared to women without cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(8), 2581–2591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3668-x
de Vries, Y. C., Winkels, R. M., van den Berg, M. M. G. A., de Graaf, C., Kelfkens, C. S., de Kruif, J. T. C. M., Göker, E., Grosfeld, S., Sommeijer, D. W., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., Kampman, E., & Boesveldt, S. (2018). Altered food preferences and chemosensory perception during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: A longitudinal comparison with healthy controls. Food Quality and Preference, 63, 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.09.003
Del Fabbro, E., Orr, T. A., & Stella, S. M. (2017). Practical approaches to managing cancer patients with weight loss. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 11(4), 272–277. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000300
Demark-Wahnefried, W Peterson, B. L., Winer, E. P., Marks, L., Aziz, N., Marcom, P. K., Blackwell, K., & Rimer, B. K. (2001). Changes in weight, body composition, and factors influencing energy balance among premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(9), 2381–2389.
Dodde, W. I. W., Maring, J. G., Hendriks, G., Wachters, F. M., Groen, H. J. M., De Vries, E. G. E., & Uges, D. R. A. (2003). Determination of epirubicin and its metabolite epirubicinol in saliva and plasma by HPLC. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 25(4), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200308000-00003
Dooley, M., & Goa, K. L. (1999). Capecitabine. 58(1), 69–76.
Feng, P., Huang, L., & Wang, H. (2014). Taste bud homeostasis in health, disease, and aging. Chemical Senses, 39(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt059
Field, E. A., Longman, L. P., Bucknall, R., Kaye, S. B., Higham, S. M., & Edgar, W. M. (1997). The establishment of a xerostomia clinic: A prospective study. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 35(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-4356(97)90683-5
Fox, P. C., Busch, K. A., & Baum, B. J. (1987). Subjective reports of xerostomia and objective measures of salivary gland performance. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 115(4), 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8177(87)54012-0
Friedman, H. S., Prados, M. D., Wen, P. Y., Mikkelsen, T., Schiff, D., Abrey, L. E., Yung, W. K. A., Paleologos, N., Nicholas, M. K., Jensen, R., Vredenburgh, J., Huang, J., Zheng, M., & Cloughesy, T. (2009). Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(28), 4733–4740. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.19.8721
Fujii, H., Hirose, C., Ishihara, M., Iihara, H., Imai, H., Tanaka, Y., Matsuhashi, N., Takahashi, T., Yamaguchi, K., Yoshida, K., & Suzuki, A. (2018). Improvement of dysgeusia by polaprezinc, a Zinc-L-Carnosine, in outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Anticancer Research, 38(11), 6367–6373. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.12995
Fukasawa, T., Orii, T., Tanaka, M., Yano, S., Suzuki, N., & Kanzaki, Y. (2005). Statistical approach to the drug-induced taste disorders based on zinc chelating ability. Yakugaku Zasshi, 125(4), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.125.377
Gillis, A., & Eminger, L. (2020). Hypogeusia and hyposmia with topical 5-fluorouracil treatment. JAAD Case Reports, 6(7), 650–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.04.023
Hejna, M., Köstler, W. J., Raderer, M., Steger, G. G., Brodowicz, T., Scheithauer, W., Wiltschke, C., & Zielinski, C. C. (2001). Decrease of duration and symptoms in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis by topical GM-CSF: Results of a prospective randomised trial. European Journal of Cancer, 37(16), 1994–2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00132-0
Howard, S. C., McCormick, J., Pui, C., Buddington, R. K., & Harvey, R. D. (2016). Preventing and Managing Toxicities of High‐Dose Methotrexate. The Oncologist, 21(12), 1471–1482. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0164
Huang, X., Fang, Q., Rao, T., Zhou, L., Zeng, X., Tan, Z., Chen, L., & Ouyang, D. (2020). Leucovorin ameliorated methotrexate induced intestinal toxicity via modulation of the gut microbiota. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 391(February), 114900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2020.114900
Ibrahim, M. A. A. H., & Elwan, W. M. (2019). Effect of irinotecan on the tongue mucosa of juvenile male albino rat at adulthood. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 100(4), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/iep.12333
IJpma, I., Renken, R. J., Gietema, J. A., Slart, R. H. J. A., Mensink, M. G. J., Lefrandt, J. D., Ter Horst, G. J., & Reyners, A. K. L. (2016). Taste and smell function in testicular cancer survivors treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in relation to dietary intake, food preference, and body composition. Appetite, 105, 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.010
IJpma, I., Timmermans, E. R., Renken, R. J., Ter Horst, G. J., & Reyners, A. K. L. (2017). Metallic Taste in Cancer Patients Treated with Systemic Therapy: A Questionnaire-based Study. Nutrition and Cancer, 69(1), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1250922
INCA. (2021). Estatísticas de câncer. https://www.inca.gov.br/numeros-de-cancer
Jensen, S. B., Mouridsen, H. T., Reibel, J., Brünner, N., & Nauntofte, B. (2008). Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients induces temporary salivary gland hypofunction. Oral Oncology, 44(2), 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.01.015
Keefe, D. M. K. (2004). Gastrointestinal mucositis: A new biological model. Supportive Care in Cancer, 12(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-003-0550-9
Kim, M. P., & Gallick, G. E. (2008). Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer: Picking the key players. Clinical Cancer Research, 14(5), 1284–1285. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-2247
Kwatra, D., Venugopal, A., Standing, D., Ponnurangam, S., Dhar, A., Mitra, A., & Anant, S. (2013). Bitter melon extracts enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through the modulation of multiple drug resistance. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 102(12), 4444–4454. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.23753
Lacouture, M., & Sibaud, V. (2018). Toxic Side Effects of Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies Affecting the Skin, Oral Mucosa, Hair, and Nails. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 19(s1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-018-0384-3
Lee, C. S., Ryan, E. J., & Doherty, G. A. (2014). Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer: The role of inflammation. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(14), 3751–3761. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3751
Mattes, R. D. (2011). Accumulating evidence supports a taste component for free fatty acids in humans. Physiology and Behavior, 104(4), 624–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.05.002
Miller, K. D., Nogueira, L., Mariotto, A. B., Rowland, J. H., Yabroff, K. R., Alfano, C. M., Jemal, A., Kramer, J. L., & Siegel, R. L. (2019). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 69(5), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21565
Mogi, K., Kamiya, I., Makino, A., Hirao, A., Abe, R., Doi, Y., Shimizu, T., Ando, H., Morito, K., Takayama, K., Ishida, T., & Nagasawa, K. (2021). Liposomalization of Oxaliplatin Exacerbates the Non-Liposomal Formulation-Induced Decrease of Sweet Taste Sensitivity in Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 000, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.004
Mukherjee, N., Pal Choudhuri, S., Delay, R. J., & Delay, E. R. (2017). Cellular mechanisms of cyclophosphamide-induced taste loss in mice. PLoS ONE, 12(9), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185473
Neradil, J., Pavlasova, G., & Veselska, R. (2012). New mechanisms for an old drug; DHFR- and non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate in cancer cells. Klinicka Onkologie, 25(SUPPL.2).
Ohishi, A., Nishida, K., Yamanaka, Y., Miyata, A., Ikukawa, A., Yabu, M., Miyamoto, K., Bansho, S., & Nagasawa, K. (2016). Oxaliplatin alters expression of T1R2 receptor and sensitivity to sweet taste in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 39(4), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00935
Perea-Martinez, I., Nagai, T., & Chaudhari, N. (2013). Functional Cell Types in Taste Buds Have Distinct Longevities. PLoS ONE, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053399
Pivovarov, K., & Zipursky, J. S. (2019). Low-dose methotrexate toxicity. Cmaj, 191(15), E423. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.181054
Poltronieri, T. S., & Tusset, C. (2016). Impacto do Tratamento do Câncer Sobre o Estado Nutricional de Pacientes oncológicos: Atualização da Literatura. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde, 20(4), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.4034/rbcs.2016.20.04.10
Postma, E. M., Kok, D. E., de Graaf, C., Kampman, E., & Boesveldt, S. (2020). Chemosensory perception and food preferences in colorectal cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 40, 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.012
Rahnama, M., Madej-Czerwonka, B., Jastrzębska-Jamrogiewicz, I., & Jamrogiewicz, R. (2015). Analysis of the influence of parenteral cancer chemotherapy on the health condition of oral mucosa. Wspolczesna Onkologia, 19(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2014.45291
Rivankar, S. (2014). An overview of doxorubicin formulations in cancer therapy. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 10(4), 853–858. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.139267
Rizvi, S. F. A., Tariq, S., & Mehdi, M. (2018). Anthracyclines: Mechanism of action, Classification, Pharmacokinetics and future – a mini review. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 4(4), 81–85.
Sakura, T., Hayakawa, F., Sugiura, I., Murayama, T., Imai, K., Usui, N., Fujisawa, S., Yamauchi, T., Yujiri, T., Kakihana, K., Ito, Y., Kanamori, H., Ueda, Y., Miyata, Y., Kurokawa, M., Asou, N., Ohnishi, K., Ohtake, S., Kobayashi, Y., … Naoe, T. (2018). High-dose methotrexate therapy significantly improved survival of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A phase III study by JALSG. Leukemia, 32(3), 626–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2017.283
Si, M., & Lang, J. (2018). The roles of metallothioneins in carcinogenesis. Journal of Hematology and Oncology, 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-018-0645-x
Singh, L., Aldosary, S., Saeedan, A. S., Ansari, M. N., & Kaithwas, G. (2018). Prolyl hydroxylase 2: a promising target to inhibit hypoxia-induced cellular metabolism in cancer cells. Drug Discovery Today, 23(11), 1873–1882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.016
Stern, L., Giese, N., Hackert, T., Strobel, O., Schirmacher, P., Felix, K., & Gaida, M. M. (2018). Overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells: Role of the bitter taste receptor T2R10. Journal of Cancer, 9(4), 711–725. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.21803
Stone, L. M., Tan, S. S., Tam, P. P. L., & Finger, T. E. (2002). Analysis of Cell Lineage Relationships in Taste Buds. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(11), 4522–4529. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-11-04522.2002
Sunariani, J., Rossa, L. M., Yuliati, Y., Diyatri, I., Juliastuti, W. S., & Oki, A. S. (2020). Immunoreactive scoring of metallothionein-3 (MT-3) expression as an indicator of metallic taste rats which are induced by doxorubicin and antioxidant. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16(July), 42–46.
Vasconcelos, N. P. S., Caran, E. M. M., Lee, M. L., Lopes, N. N. F., & Weiler, R. M. E. (2009). Dental maturity assessment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cancer therapy. Forensic Science International, 184(1–3), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.009
Wennerstrand, P., Mårtensson, L. G., Söderhäll, S., Zimdahl, A., & Appell, M. L. (2013). Methotrexate binds to recombinant thiopurine S-methyltransferase and inhibits enzyme activity after high-dose infusions in childhood leukaemia. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 69(9), 1641–1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-013-1521-9
Wong, A., Soo, R. A., Yong, W. P., & Innocenti, F. (2009). Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of gemcitabine. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 41(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530902741828
Zugazagoitia, J., Guedes, C., Ponce, S., Ferrer, I., Molina-Pinelo, S., & Paz-Ares, L. (2016). Current Challenges in Cancer Treatment. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(7), 1551–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.026
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Eduardo Henrique dos Santos Silva; Yuri Lopes de Aguiar; Polyana Argolo Souza Amaral; Lara Correia Pereira
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.