Influência da atividade física na indução da autofagia e redução da incidência do câncer: revisão crítica dos mecanismos fisiológicos e metabólicos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24223Palavras-chave:
Autofagia; Exercício físico; Prevenção de doenças; Câncer.Resumo
Objetivo: Descrever os principais mecanismos da autofagia estimulada por atividade física e sua relação com a redução na incidência de câncer. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas coletas de dados através da análise da literatura científica disponível nas bases de dados da MEDLINE, ScienceDirect e Wiley, de maneira independente e manual. Foram utilizados como descritores de busca os termos: “cancer”, “autophagy” e “physical activity”, e o período de tempo para as publicações compreendeu os anos de 1990 a 2020. O critério de inclusão foi: “trabalhos publicados dentro do escopo do estudo, publicados no intervalo de tempo citado”. E como critério de exclusão: “trabalhos não relacionados ao tema de estudo e com relatos já ultrapassados de acordo com a literatura atual”. Resultados: A atividade física influência positivamente diversos sistemas, levando a alterações agudas e crônicas. Os benefícios em patologias metabólicas, imunes, cancerígenas, cardiovasculares, psiquiátricas e neurológicas são indiscutíveis e os mecanismos estão sendo elucidados. Autofagia medeia a digestão e reciclagem de partes obsoletas da célula durante a inanição e participa de uma variedade de processos fisiológicos de remoção residual. A autofagia é capaz de eliminar as microorganimos, agregados proteicos tóxicos, genotóxicos, desempenhando papéis durante a infecção, envelhecimento e patogênese de doenças. Conclusão: A partir da análise dos mecanismos envolvidos na autofagia induzida por atividade física ficaram postulados três pontos principais: 1) Via mTORC1 inativada por inanição, 2) Regulação por espécies reativas de oxigênio e hipóxia, 3) Regulação da autofagia por vias alternativas à mTORC1.
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