Indicadores antropométricos e dietéticos utilizados em estudos de base populacional: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25434Palavras-chave:
Inquéritos Nutricionais; Inquéritos populacionais; Consumo Alimentar; Antropometria; Revisão sistemática.Resumo
Objetivo: Identificar pesquisas de saúde e nutrição de base populacional, com adultos e idosos, e realizadas nas Américas, Europa e Oceania, para investigar os métodos antropométricos e de consumo alimentar mais utilizados, sua aplicabilidade e limitações. Metodologia: Bases de dados eletrônicas (LILACS, PubMed e SCOPUS) foram sistematicamente pesquisadas em busca de estudos publicados entre 1997 e 2017 em português, inglês ou espanhol. 48 estudos (45.8% realizados nas Américas) atenderam os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na revisão. Os dados foram analisados em 2018. Resultados: A qualidade metodológica da maioria dos estudos (64,4%) foi classificada como moderada, conforme o checklist da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para estudos transversais e a escala Newcastle-Ottawa para estudos de coorte. 35.4% dos artigos avaliaram apenas o consumo alimentar, 29.2% apenas a antropometria, enquanto 35.4% avaliaram o consumo alimentar e as medidas antropométricas. Os métodos de consumo alimentar mais utilizados foram o registro alimentar (31% dos estudos) e o recordatório de 24h (22% dos estudos). O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi o indicador mais utilizado para avaliação antropométrica. Embora a maioria dos estudos tenha utilizado os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, estes não adotaram pontos de corte diferentes para classificar o IMC de adultos e idosos. Conclusão: o IMC e os métodos que registram o consumo atual, como o registro alimentar e o recordatório de 24h, foram os principais métodos de avaliação do estado nutricional, levando-se em consideração a fácil aplicação, baixo custo e boa reprodutibilidade. Registro de revisão sistemática: PROSPEROCRD42017071392.
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