Análise de tipificação e adulteração de méis brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática de 2010 a 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.26026Palavras-chave:
Cromatografia; Ressonância magnética nuclear; Espectroscopia.Resumo
O mel é o produto apícola mais consumido em todo o mundo, devido ao seu sabor característico e às propriedades nutricionais e terapêuticas. O Brasil está entre os maiores países produtores de mel, porém, devido à alta demanda, tanto no mercado nacional quanto no internacional, tem sido registradas mais formas de adulteração, resultando em prejuízos econômicos aos apicultores e riscos à saúde dos consumidores. Assim, esta pesquisa realizou uma revisão sistemática através do portal de periódicos da CAPES a fim de detectar o uso de análises metabolômicas baseadas em técnicas cromatográficas e espectroscópicas para tipificação, detecção de fraudes e contaminantes em mel, no período 2010-2020. Do total de artigos recuperados da plataforma (n = 184) usando as palavras-chave "mel", "Brasil", "cromatografia gasosa", "cromatografia líquida", "ressonância magnética nuclear" e "espectrometria", 25 estudos atenderam aos parâmetros de interesse. As técnicas cromatográficas foram usadas principalmente para detecção de pesticidas e espectroscopia para detecção de metais, enquanto o único estudo baseado em RMN encontrou substâncias não naturais. Além da importância de adotar essas modernas técnicas analíticas em conjunto com quimiometria, é necessário criar um banco de dados para registrar continuamente a evolução dos casos e os diversos tipos de fraudes, como já é feito em outros países, corroborando para comprometer a ocorrência de tipos recursivos de fraudes e apoiando os formuladores de políticas na atualização da legislação brasileira vigente que trata do assunto, que data dos anos 2000.
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