Avaliação das Possibilidades e Desafios do Gás de Xisto na Transição Energética Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26282Palavras-chave:
Gás de xisto; Transição Energética; Matriz SWOT; Gás natural.Resumo
O aprimoramento das técnicas de perfuração horizontal e fraturamento hidráulico torna a exploração de gás de xisto uma opção econômica. O gás de xisto tem potencial para reformular a política energética nos níveis nacional e internacional. O desenvolvimento do gás de xisto pode ser um caminho eficaz para uma transição energética de baixo carbono porque o gás natural, convencional ou não convencional, tem emissões relativamente menores do que outros combustíveis fósseis, além de menor custo e reservas globais abundantes. Este artigo usa o método de análise SWOT para identificar possibilidades e desafios que o desenvolvimento de gás de xisto pode enfrentar. Para preparar a análise, foi realizada uma busca avançada na plataforma Science Direct, investigando os pontos fortes (S), pontos fracos (W), oportunidades (O) e ameaças (T) do desenvolvimento do gás de xisto ligado à transição energética. A força mais citada foi a disponibilidade abundante, seguida pelo aumento da segurança energética. Quanto às fragilidades, as mais evidentes foram os impactos ambientais e a poluição. A oportunidade mais relatada para o desenvolvimento de gás de xisto foi a perspectiva de substituição de outras fontes, e a ameaça foi o ceticismo público e menos apoio do que há para as energias renováveis, embora a proibição também tenha sido incluída. Um caminho possível para o desenvolvimento do gás de xisto, num contexto de transição energética, é a oportunidade de substituir outras fontes, como o carvão, aproveitando a sua abundância e segurança energética. No entanto, para que o desenvolvimento se torne relativamente limpo, as emissões fugitivas e outros aspectos negativos da exploração devem ser mitigados.
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