Biossurfactantes microbianos e aplicações ambientais: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34123Palavras-chave:
Biossurfactantes; Metais Pesados; Remediação; Petróleo.Resumo
As indústrias petrolíferas são consideradas como os principais recursos energéticos, mas como produtoras simultaneamente de grandes quantidades de resíduos de hidrocarbonetos que são descartados em solo e na água. A contaminação por petróleo e derivados, incluindo os metais pesados, normalmente é tratada através de metodologias físicas, químicas ou biológicas. Assim, os biossurfactantes surgem como uma alternativa promissora para a remoção de petróleo e seus derivados devido à sua natureza anfipática, com porções hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas permitindo que essas moléculas apresentem a capacidade de reduzir a tensão interfacial, de dispersar partículas de óleo, dispor de alta atividade superficial, possuir baixa toxicidade e elevada biodegradabilidade, de serem ecologicamente corretos, além de serem ativos sob condições extremas de salinidade, pH e temperatura. O presente estudo é uma revisão narrativa, que consiste em uma ampla análise da literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar o potencial de biossurfactantes microbianos em ser aplicados na biorremediação ambiental. As buscas dos artigos utilizados para compor este estudo foram realizadas em bases de dados científicos digitais, utilizando-se palavras-chave como biossurfactantes, óleo, petroderivados, biorremediação e metais pesados. Esta revisão fornece informações sobre as propriedades dos biossurfactantes, micro-organismos produtores, fatores nutricionais e a aplicação de biossurfactantes como uma alternativa favorável na remoção de petróleo e derivados, derramamento de óleo, limpeza de tubulações e de metais pesados.
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