Respostas políticas de países com o maior número de mortes por COVID-19 no mundo: uma revisão de escopo

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34773

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19; Pandemias; Saúde Pública; Infecções por coronavírus; Política de saúde.

Resumo

A pandemia de COVID-19 foi declarada em 11 de Março de 2020. Até dezembro de 2020, a ausência de tratamentos ou vacinas específicas para COVID-19 implicou na necessidade de utilização de estratégias não farmacológicas para redução das taxas de infecção. Este estudo teve como objetivo rastrear e comparar as respostas políticas dos países com o maior número de mortes por COVID-19 no mundo. Realizamos uma busca de escopo em cinco bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science e Google acadêmico) entre 1º de Dezembro de 2019 e 30 de Abril de 2020. Também foram pesquisadas informações em sites oficiais dos países listados, sobre políticas e saúde. Após o processo de seleção, que foi realizado independentemente por dois avaliadores seguindo os critérios previamente estabelecidos, 55 títulos foram incluídos. Dos 18 documentos das sociedades nacionais de saúde, 13 abordaram a prevenção da COVID-19. O país mais relatado foi a Itália (17). As estratégias mais citadas pelos estudos foram: monitoramento de viajantes, controles de viagens internacionais, ordens de distanciamento social, fechamento de escolas e universidades, bloqueio parcial e total. Até o final de Abril, todos os países avaliados, Estados Unidos, Itália, Reino Unido, Espanha, França, Bélgica, Alemanha, Irã, Brasil e Holanda, adotaram medidas como ordens de distanciamento social e fechamento de escolas e universidades. Com exceção do Irã, todos esses países adotaram algum bloqueio. Até o momento (Agosto de 2022), a Alemanha já foi citada como exemplo de país bem-sucedido no controle da pandemia, enquanto os Estados Unidos ainda apresentam os maiores números do mundo em total de casos, total de óbitos e novas mortes semanais por COVID- 19.

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COSTA, A. T.; BORGES, L. P.; FIGUEIREDO, R. F.; VIEIRA, M. L. da C.; SERAFINI, M. R.; WALKER, C. I. B. Respostas políticas de países com o maior número de mortes por COVID-19 no mundo: uma revisão de escopo. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 12, p. e546111234773, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34773. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/34773. Acesso em: 7 jul. 2024.

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