Mecanismo de reticulação química para a obtenção de hidrogéis: Síntese, condições de reticulação e aplicações biofarmacêuticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i8.43072Palavras-chave:
Hidrogéis; Reticulação de hidrogéis; Reticulação química; Aplicações biomédicas.Resumo
Os hidrogéis são matrizes poliméricas tridimensionais com aplicações biomédicas reconhecidas. Hidrogéis reticulados quimicamente oferecem maior estabilidade mecânica que os hidrogéis reticulados fisicamente devido às ligações covalentes entre as suas cadeias poliméricas. A preparação de hidrogéis por reticulação química envolve três componentes básicos: monômero, iniciador e agente de reticulação, que devem estar presentes em proporções que não alterem a integridade do hidrogel. O mecanismo de reticulação química pode ser projetado a partir de reações entre grupos funcionais complementares, reações por luz ultravioleta, polimerização radicalar, irradiação de alta energia, entre outras. Nesta revisão, revisitamos os mecanismos de reticulação química envolvendo polímeros sintéticos ou naturais. Finalmente, são discutidas as aplicações biomédicas dos hidrogéis como na liberação de drogas, cultura de células, engenharia de tecidos, terapia contra o câncer, entre outros.
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