Recentes avanços no desenvolvimento de hidrogéis fisicamente reticulados e suas aplicações biomédicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i8.43073Palavras-chave:
Hydrogels; Physical crosslinking; Assembly dynamics; Biomedical applications.Resumo
Os hidrogéis são redes tridimensionais formuladas a partir de polímeros naturais ou sintéticos com alta capacidade de absorver e transportar água em sua estrutura. Os hidrogéis são preparados a partir da reticulação de suas cadeias poliméricas, que envolve dois mecanismos básicos: a reticulação química e a reticulação física. Na reticulação química, os hidrogéis são unidos por ligações covalentes; enquanto que os hidrogéis fisicamente reticulados são produzidos por interações não covalente, como ligações de hidrogênio, interações eletrostáticas, forças hidrofóbicas entre outras. Os hidrogéis fisicamente reticulados se assemelhem mais aos sistemas biológicos devido à sua dinâmica da montagem, por isso têm ampla aplicação biomédica. As abordagens mais usadas na preparação de hidrogéis por reticulação física incluem congelamento-descongelamento, formação de estereocomplexos, interação iônica, ligações de hidrogênio, cristalização, reticulação por interações hidrofóbicas. Estas abordagens são brevemente discutidas nesta revisão. Serão discutidas também algumas aplicações biomédicas desses hidrogéis.
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