Panorama clínico e epidemiológico da fibrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4645Palavras-chave:
Vírus da hepatite C; Fibrose hepática; Carcinoma hepatocelular; Antivirais de ação direta.Resumo
Cerca de 2,4 milhões de pessoas morrem por ano no mundo como consequência da infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC). O VHC representa um problema de ordem mundial, mais de 170 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus em todo o mundo, correspondendo a cerca de 3% da população.Alguns sinais comuns à pacientes infectados cronicamente pelo VHC são: atividade de enzimas hepáticas aumentadas e doenças crônicas do fígado, tais como fibrose, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. O presente estudo é constituído por uma revisão bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa e tem como objetivo abordar os principais aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da infecção crônica pelo VHC. A detecção do VHC é realizada através da pesquisa de anticorpos por ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA) e pesquisa do VHC-RNA através de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As técnicas de detecção atuais não são uma realidade para todos os centros médicos e ambulatórios, fazendo-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de detecção, uma vez que o aparato tecnológico para realização de pesquisa do VHC-RNA, bem como da ELISA são uma realidade distante para grande parte do sistema de saúde mundial. O desenvolvimento de antivirais de ação direta aumentou a resposta viral, alcançando até 92,7% de sucesso. Faz-se necessário o acompanhamento de pacientes pós-tratamento, bem como o tratamento de pacientes que ainda estão acometidos pelo vírus mundialmente, para garantir que não haja progressão de fibrose hepática em cirrose e nem, tampouco, o desenvolvimento de CHC. Adicionalmente, deve-se manter a vigilância, para possíveis mutações e surgimento de resistência viral aos DAAs.
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