Diminuição da pressão arterial em idosos após o treinamento isométrico: o lactato desempenha um papel?

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7433

Palavras-chave:

Envelhecimento; Antioxidantes; Hemodinâmica; Hipertensão; Contração Isométrica.

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do treinamento isométrico de preensão manual (IPM) na redução da pressão arterial (PA) em idosos pré-hipertensivos e hipertensos, e o possível papel do equilíbrio do lactato e redox. Trinta e três idosos (75.3±1.3 anos) foram alocados no grupos: controle (GC,n=11), pré-hipertensos (GPH,n=10) e hipertensos (GH, n=12). O GPH e o GH realizaram um total de 8 séries de contrações bilaterias de 1- min com contração isómetrica voluntária (CVM) máxima de 30 %, cada uma separada por uma pausa de repouso de 1-min. O treinamento foi realizado por 8 semanas, 3 vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. A PA sistólica (PAS) e a frequencia cardíaca (FC) diminuíram no pós treinamento os níveis do GPH (-10 mm Hg; -5 bpm) e GH (-16 mm Hg; -9 bpm), respectivamente. A PA diastólica diminui apenas para GH (-9 mm Hg) (P<0,05). Além diso, as variáveis que mais apresentaram associação com a diminuição  da PA foram a concentração capilar de lactato sanguíneo e a força muscular (P<0,05). Em resumo, o treinamento IPM pode ser prático para melhorar o estado clínico de pacientes pré-hipertensos e hipertensos, melhorando o controle da PA, a biodisponibilidade  de óxido nítrico e o balanço redox. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar as vias de concentração de lactato no fluxo sanguíneo durante o exercício.

Referências

Baradaran, A., Nasri, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). Oxidative stress and hypertension: Possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 19(4), 358.

Boutcher, Y. N., & Boutcher, S. H. (2017). Exercise intensity and hypertension: what’s new?. Journal of human hypertension, 31(3), 157-164.

Chalmers, J., MacMahon, S., Mancia, G., Whitworth, J., Beilin, L., Hansson, L., . . . Clark, T. (1999). 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee of the World Health Organization. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, NY: 1993), 21(5-6), 1009-1060.

Baradaran, A., Nasri, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). Oxidative stress and hypertension: Possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 19(4), 358.

Boutcher, Y. N., & Boutcher, S. H. (2017). Exercise intensity and hypertension: what’s new?. Journal of human hypertension, 31(3), 157-164.

Chalmers, J., MacMahon, S., Mancia, G., Whitworth, J., Beilin, L., Hansson, L., . . . Clark, T. (1999). 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee of the World Health Organization. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, NY: 1993), 21(5-6), 1009-1060.

Crosby, C. A., & Wehbé, M. A. (1994). Hand strength: normative values. The Journal of hand surgery, 19(4), 665-670.

de Sousa, C. V., Sales, M. M., Rosa, T. S., Lewis, J. E., de Andrade, R. V., & Simoes, H. G. (2017). The antioxidant effect of exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47(2), 277-293.

Devereux, G. R., Coleman, D., Wiles, J. D., & Swaine, I. (2012). Lactate accumulation following isometric exercise training and its relationship with reduced resting blood pressure. Journal of sports sciences, 30(11), 1141-1148.

Durnin, J. V., & Womersley, J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. British journal of nutrition, 32(1), 77-97.

Farah, B. Q., Germano-Soares, A. H., Rodrigues, S. L. C., Santos, C. X., Barbosa, S. S., Vianna, L. C., . . . Ritti-Dias, R. M. (2017). Acute and chronic effects of isometric handgrip exercise on cardiovascular variables in hypertensive patients: a systematic review. Sports, 5(3), 55.

Fess, E. (1981). Clinical assessment recommendations. American society of hand therapists, 6-8.

Ferrari, R., Umpierre, D., Vogel, G., Vieira, P. J., Santos, L. P., de Mello, R. B., ... & Fuchs, S. C. (2017). Effects of concurrent and aerobic exercises on postexercise hypotension in elderly hypertensive men. Experimental gerontology, 98, 1-7.

Frederiksen, H., Hjelmborg, J., Mortensen, J., Mcgue, M., Vaupel, J. W., & Christensen, K. (2006). Age trajectories of grip strength: cross-sectional and longitudinal data among 8,342 Danes aged 46 to 102. Annals of epidemiology, 16(7), 554-562.

Gaffney, F., Sjøgaard, G., & Saltin, B. (1990). Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to static contraction in man. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 138(3), 249-258.

Griess, P. (1879). Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung der HH. Weselsky und Benedikt „Ueber einige Azoverbindungen” ︁. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 12(1), 426-428.

Hein, T. W., Xu, W., & Kuo, L. (2006). Dilation of retinal arterioles in response to lactate: role of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 47(2), 693-699.

Lott, M. E., Hogeman, C. S., Vickery, L., Kunselman, A. R., Sinoway, L. I., & MacLean, D. A. (2001). Effects of dynamic exercise on mean blood velocity and muscle interstitial metabolite responses in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 281(4), H1734-H1741.

Malachias, M. V. B. (2016). 7th Brazilian guideline of arterial hypertension: presentation. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 107(3), XV-XIX.

Millar, P. J., Bray, S. R., MacDonald, M. J., & McCartney, N. (2008). The hypotensive effects of isometric handgrip training using an inexpensive spring handgrip training device. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 28(3), 203-207.

Millar, P. J., McGowan, C. L., Cornelissen, V. A., Araujo, C. G., & Swaine, I. L. (2014). Evidence for the role of isometric exercise training in reducing blood pressure: potential mechanisms and future directions. Sports Medicine, 44(3), 345-356.

Moraes, M. R. d., Bacurau, R. F. P., Simões, H. G., Campbell, C. S. G., Pudo, M. A., Wasinski, F., . . . Araujo, R. C. (2012). Effect of 12 weeks of resistance exercise on post-exercise hypotension in stage 1 hypertensive individuals. Journal of human hypertension, 26(9), 533-539.

Mortensen, S. P., & Saltin, B. (2014). Regulation of the skeletal muscle blood flow in humans. Experimental physiology, 99(12), 1552-1558.

Nawab, Z., Daugirdas, J., Ing, T., Leehey, D., Reid, R., & Klok, M. (1984). Calcium-complexing versus vasorelaxant effect of acetate, lactate, and other bases. Transactions-American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, 30, 184-188.

Pereira A.S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [e-book]. Santa Maria. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1.

Pescatello, L. S., Franklin, B. A., Fagard, R., Farquhar, W. B., Kelley, G. A., & Ray, C. A. (2004). Exercise and hypertension. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 36(3), 533-553.

Peters, P. G., Alessio, H. M., Hagerman, A. E., Ashton, T., Nagy, S., & Wiley, R. L. (2006). Short-term isometric exercise reduces systolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults: possible role of reactive oxygen species. International journal of cardiology, 110(2), 199-205.

Pickering, T. G., Hall, J. E., Appel, L. J., Falkner, B. E., Graves, J., Hill, M. N., . . . Roccella, E. J. (2005). Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension, 45(1), 142-161.

Proia, P., Di Liegro, C. M., Schiera, G., Fricano, A., & Di Liegro, I. (2016). Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous System. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(9), 1450.

Sabbahi, A., Arena, R., Elokda, A., & Phillips, S. A. (2016). Exercise and hypertension: uncovering the mechanisms of vascular control. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 59(3), 226-234.

Saltin, B., Rådegran, G., Koskolou, M., & Roach, R. (1998). Skeletal muscle blood flow in humans and its regulation during exercise. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 162(3), 421-436.

Sarelius, I., & Pohl, U. (2010). Control of muscle blood flow during exercise: local factors and integrative mechanisms. Acta Physiologica, 199(4), 349-365.

Siri, W. E. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. Techniques for measuring body composition, 61, 223-244.

Souza, L. R., Vicente, J. B., Melo, G. R., Moraes, V. C., Olher, R. R., Sousa, I. C., . . . Ferreira, A. P. (2018). Acute hypotension after moderate-intensity handgrip exercise in hypertensive elderly people. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2971-2977.

Schroeder, E. C., Franke, W. D., Sharp, R. L., & Lee, D. C. (2019). Comparative effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 14(1), e0210292.

Taylor, A. C., McCartney, N., Kamath, M. V., & Wiley, R. L. (2003). Isometric training lowers resting blood pressure and modulates autonomic control. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 35(2), 251-256

Downloads

Publicado

01/09/2020

Como Citar

SOUZA, L. H. R. .; CORRÊA, H. de L. .; ROSA, T. dos S.; NEVES, R. V. P. .; DEUS, L. A.; OLHER, R. R. .; VICENTE, J. B.; MELO, G. R. .; BARROS, C. F. de .; MORAES, V. C. .; COELHO, J. M. de O. .; PERUCHI, L. H.; SANTOS, C. P.; SIMÕES, H. G.; MORAES, M. R. Diminuição da pressão arterial em idosos após o treinamento isométrico: o lactato desempenha um papel?. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 9, p. e655997433, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7433. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7433. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Edição

Seção

Ciências da Saúde