Phytochemical prospection, total phenol content and anti-radical activity of leaf extract and fractions of Annona sylvatica (Annonaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22811Keywords:
Araticum-do-mato; Phytochemistry; Flavonoids; DPPH; Antioxidants.Abstract
The consumption of medicinal plants has shown considerable growth in several countries. Annona sylvatica, commonly known as araticum-do-mato, is a fruit used in folk medicine to lower blood pressure. The objective of this work was to investigate the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. sylvatica leaf extracts and fractions. The ethanol extract was obtained by maceration and submitted to liquid-liquid partition to obtain fractions in hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The main classes of secondary metabolites were detected by phytochemical screening, the content of total phenols (TF) and the antioxidant activity were quantified by the Folin-Dennis tests and the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, respectively. Using the Pearson coefficient, the total phenol contents were correlated with the EC50 values observed in the DPPH assay. Phytochemical screening detected the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and triterpenes/steroids. The AcOET fraction showed the highest content of total phenols and the highest activity in the DPPH assay, with values of 84.0±4.4 mg GAE. g-1 and EC50 9.28 µg. mL-1, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between TF content and EC50 values, suggesting that part of the antioxidant activity observed is related to TF content. The results suggest that araticum-do-mato is an important source of natural antioxidants.
References
Alves, C. Q., David, J. M., David, J. P., Bahia, M. V. & Aguiar, R. M. (2010). Métodos para determinação de atividade antioxidante in vitro em substratos orgânicos. Química Nova, 33(10), 2202-2210.
Almeida, J. R. G. S., Araújo, C. S., Pessoa, C. O., Costa, M. P. & Pacheco, A. G. M. (2014). Atividade antioxidante, citotóxica e antimicrobiana de Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36, 258-264.
Araújo, R. C. P., Neves, F. A. R., Formagio, A. S. N., Kassuya, C. A. L., Stefanello, M. E. A., Souza, V. V., Pavan, F. R. & Croda, J. (2014). Evaluation of the anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and in vivo acute toxicity of Annona sylvatica. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14(1), 209-219.
Azevedo, L. F. P.; Faria, T. S. A.; Pessanha, F. F.; Araújo, M. F. & Lemos, G. C. S. (2014). Triagem fitoquímica e atividade antioxidante de Costus spicatus (Jacq.) S.W. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 16(2), 209-215.
Bessa, N. G. F. D., Borges, J. C. M., Beserra, F. P., Carvalho, R. H. A., Pereira, M. A. B., Fagundes, R., Campos, S. L., Ribeiro, L. U., Quirino, M. S.; Chagas Junior, A. F. & Alves, A. (2013). Prospecção fitoquímica preliminar de plantas nativas do cerrado de uso popular medicinal pela comunidade rural do assentamento vale verde – Tocantins. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 15(4), 692-707.
Babu, M. M. & Lawrence, B. (2014). Phytochemical analysis of Annona reticulata L. Leaf extracts. Applied Sciences, 4(5), 4-8.
Benites, R. S. R., Formagio, A. S. N., Argandoña, E. J. S., Volobuff, C. R. F., Trevizam, L. N. F., Vieira, M. C. & Silva, M. S. (2015). Contents of constiuents and antioxidante activity of seed and pulp extracts of Annona coriacea and Annona sylvatica. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 75(3), 685-961.
Chen, S. L., Yu, H., Luo, H. M., Wu, Q., Li, C.-F. & Steinmetz, A. (2016). Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 11, 37-47.
Carvalho Junior, A. R., Ferreira, R. O., Passos, M. S., Boeno, S. I. S., Virgens, L. L. G., Ventura, T.L.B.; Calixto, S.D., Lassounskaia, E., Carvalho, M. G., Braz-Filho, R. & Vieira, I. J. C. (2019). Antimycobacterial and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities of Triterpenes and Alkaloids from Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wawra. Molecules, 24(6), 1026-1037.
Formagio, A. S. N., Vieira, M. C., Santos, L. A. C., Cardoso, C. A. L., Foglio, M. A., Carvalho, J. E., Silva, M. A. & Kassuya, C. A. L. (2013). Composition and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Essential Oil from Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hill. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(1), 20-25.
Ferreira, R. O., Carvalho Junior, A. R., Riger, C. J., Castro, R. N., Silva, T. M. S. & Carvalho, M. G. (2016) Constituintes químicos e atividade antioxidante in vivo de flavonoides isolados de Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae). Química Nova, 39, 1093-1097.
Goncalves, G. L. P., Ribeiro, L. D., Gimenes, L., Vieira, P., Silva, M. F. D. F., Forim, M. R., Fernandes, J. B. & Vendramim, J. D. (2015). Lethal and sublethal toxicities of Annona sylvatica (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) extracts to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Florida Entomology, 98(3), 921-928.
Howes, M.-JR, Quave, C. L.; Collemare, J., et al. (2020). Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi. Plants, People, Planet, 2, 463– 481.
Ijaiya, I. S., Arzika, S., & Abdulkadir, M. (2014). Extraction and Phytochemical Screening of the Root and Leave of Annona Senegalesis (Wild Custad Apple). Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(7), 9-15.
Ibrahim, F.; Jaber, A.; Ibrahim, G.; Cheble, E. (2020). Antioxidant activity and total phenol content of different plant parts of Lebanese Annona Squamosa Linn. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,12(8), 100–105.
Lobão, A. Q., Silva, R. M. & Forzza, R. C. (2012). Guatteria (Annonaceae) da Floresta Atlântica brasileira. Rodriguésia, 63(4), 1039-1064.
Leite, D. O. D., Nonato, C. F. A., Camilo, C. J., Carvalho, N. K. G., Nobrega, M. G. L. A., Pereira, R. C. & Costa J. G. M. (2020). Annona genus: traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(33), 4056-4091.
Matos, F.T. (1997). Introdução à Fitoquímica Experimental. UFC.
Março, P. H. & Poppi, R. J. (2008). Procedimentos analíticos para identificação de antocianinas presentes em extratos naturais. Química Nova, 31(5), 1218-1223.
Mishra, S., Ahmad, S., Kumar, N., & Sharma, B. K. (2013). Annona muricata (the cancer killer): a review. The Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 1613-1618.
Martins, G. V., Alves, D. R., Viera-Araújo, F. M., Rondon, F., Braz-Filho, R. & Morais, S. M. (2018). Estudo Químico e Avaliação das Atividades Antioxidante, Antiacetilcolinesterase e Antileishmanial de Extratos de Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Pião Roxo). Revista Virtual de Química, 10(1), 21-36.
Neethu Simon K., Santhoshkumar R. & Neethu S. K. (2016). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of Annona squamosa (L) leaf extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 5(4):128-131.
Newman, D. J. & Cragg, G. M. (2020). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3),770-803.
Pinto, A. C. Q., Cordeiro, M. C. R., Andrade, S. R. M., Ferreira, F. R., Filgueiras, H. A. C., Alves, R. E. & Kinpara, D. I. (2005). Annona species. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton.
Paz, W. H. P., Santos, R. P. & Lima, F. L. (2014). Prospecção preliminar fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. Boletim Informativo Geum, 5(4), 52-59.
Quílez, A. M., Fernández-Arche, M. A., García-Giménez, M. D., & De la Puerta, R. (2018). Potential therapeutic applications of the genus Annona: Local and traditional uses and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 225, 244-270.
Rabêlo, S. V., Costa, M. M., Libório, R. C. & Almeida, J. R. G. S. (2014). Atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos de atemoia (Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36, 265-271.
Simões, C. M. O., Schenkel, E. P., Mello, J. C. P., Mentz, L. A. & Petrovick, P. R. (2016). Farmacognosia: do produto natural ao medicamento. Artmed.
Singleton, V. L., Orthorfer, R. & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagente. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
Sousa, C. M. M., Silva, H. R., Vieira-Jr., G. M., Ayres, M. C. C., Costa, C. L. S., Araújo, D. S., Cavalcante, L. C. D., Barros, E. D. S., Araújo, P. B. M., Brandão, M. S. & Chaves, M. H. (2007). Fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Química Nova, 30, 351-355.
Vendruscolo, G. S. & Mentz, L. A. (2006). Levantamento etnobotânico das plantas utilizadas como medicinais por moradores do bairro Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia, Série Botânica, 61(1-2), 83-103.
Vechia, L.D., Gnoatto, S.C.B. & Gosmann, G. (2009) Derivados oleananos e ursanos e sua importância na descoberta de novos fármacos com atividade antitumoral, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante. Química Nova, 32, 1245-1252.
Vetrania, C., Costabile, G., Vitale, M. & Giacco, R. (2020). (Poly)phenols and cardiovascular diseases: Looking in to move forward. Journal of Functional Foods, 71, 104013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Tamara Mendes Leite Silva Trindade; Almir Ribeiro de Carvalho Junior; Rafaela Oliveira Ferreira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
