Prevalence of depressive symptoms in teachers and associated factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28564Keywords:
Depressive symptoms; School teachers; Teaching; Voice disorders.Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in teachers and the probable associated factors. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with teachers from the 1st to the 9th year of elementary school at three state schools in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. The information was collected between July and August 2020, via Google Forms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Voice Disorder Screening Index (ITDV) and a sociodemographic, occupational questionnaire on habits and comorbidities were applied. The data obtained were transferred to the Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS version 20.0. In the statistical analysis, Poisson regression was used. A total of 82 teachers participated in the study, 90.2% of which were female, with a mean age of 43.3 years, with a workload of more than 20 hours per week (70.7%). Depressive symptoms were observed in 48.8%, of which 31.7% had mild symptoms; 7.3%, moderate; 3.7% moderately severe; and 6.1%, severe symptoms. There was statistical significance between these symptoms and vocal disorder (CI: 1.023-1.338) and lack of vocal warm-up (CI: 1.118-1.535). It is concluded that the prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in the population studied and this emotional problem can harm the voice.
References
Almeida, L. N. A., Lopes, L. W., Costa, D. B., Silva, E.G., Cunha, G. M. S. & Almeida, A. A. F. (2014). Características vocais e emocionais de professores e não professores com baixa e alta ansiedade. Audiol Commun Res, 19(2), 179-185. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-64312014000200013
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (5 ª ed.). Arlington, VA: . American Psychiatric Publishing
Baldaçara, L., Silva, A. F., Castro, J. G. D. & Santos, G. C. A. (2015). Common psychiatric symptoms among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. An observational cross-sectional study. São Paulo Med. J., 133(5), 435-438. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8242810
Barbosa, I. K., Behlau, M., Lima-Silva, M. F., Almeida, L. N., Farias, H. & Almeida, A. A. (2019). Voice symptoms, perceived voice control, and common mental disorders in elementary school teachers. Journal of Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.018
Batista, J. B. V., Carlotto, M. S. & Moreira, A. M. (2013). Depressão como causa de afastamento do trabalho: um estudo com professores do ensino fundamental. Revista de Psicologia, 44(2), 257-262. https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/revistapsico/article/view/11551
Behlau, M. (2004). Voz: o livro do especialista (1st. ed.).
Brun, L. G. & Monteiro, J. K. (2020). Preditores de depressão em docentes do ensino privado. Aletheia, 53(2), 63-76. https://10.29327/226091.53.2-5
Casella, J. G. C. & Afonso, M. L. M. (2018). Qualidade de vida docente: relação entre alterações psicoemocionais e disfonias. Revista Pedagógica, 20(43), 168-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.22196/rp.v20i43.3844
Costa, D. B., Lopes, L. W., Silva, E. G., Cunha, G. M. S., Almeida, L. N. A. & Almeida, A. A. F. (2013). Fatores de risco e emocionais na voz de professores com e sem queixas vocais. Rev. CEFAC, 15(4), 1001-1010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462013000400030
Desouky, D. & Allam, H. (2017). Occupational stress, anxiety and depression among Egyptian teachers. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(3), 191-198. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2017.06.002
Dietrich, M., Abbott. K. V., Gartner-Schmidt, J. & Rosen, C. A. (2008). The frequency of perceived stress, anxiety and depression in patients with common pathologies affecting voice. Journal of Voice, 22(4), 472-488. https://10.1016 / j.jvoice.2006.08.007
Ferreira-Costa, R. Q. & Pedro-Silva, N. (2019). Níveis de ansiedade e depressão entre professores do Ensino Infantil e Fundamental. Pro-Posições, 30, 1-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-6248-2016-0143.
Fogliatto, D. (2018). Saúde mental de professores se agrava com desvalorização, baixos salários e falta de estrutura. https://www.sul21.com.br/ultimas-noticias/geral/2018/10/saude-mental-de-professores-se-agrava-com-desvalorizacao-baixos-salarios-e-falta-de-estrutura.
Ghirardi, A. C., Ferreira, L. P., Giannini, S. P. & Latorre, M. R. D. O. (2013). Screening index for voice disorder (SIVD): development and validation. Journal of Voice, 27(2), 195-200. https://10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.11.004
Giannini, S. P. P., Latorre, M. R. D. O. & Ferreira, L. P. (2012). Distúrbio de voz e estresse no trabalho docente: um estudo caso-controle. Cad. Saúde Pública, 28(11), 2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2012001100011
Kroenke, K. M. D., Spitzer, R. L. M. D., Janet, B. W. & Williams, D. S. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a Brief Depression Severy Measure. J Gen Intern Med, 16(9), 606–613. https://10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Martinez, C.C. & Cassol, M. (2015). Measurement of voice quality, anxiety and depression symptoms after speech therapy. Journal of Voice, 29(4), 446-449. https://10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.004.
Masson, M. L. V., Fabbron, E. M. G. & Loiola-Barreiro, C. M. (2019). Aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal em professores: estudo quase experimental controlado. CoDAS, 31(4), 1-10. https://10.1590/2317-1782/20182018143
Ramos, O. & Cardoso, C. S. (2020). Depressão e estresse na docência: os reflexos em sala de aula. Revista Encantar - Educação, Cultura e Sociedade, 2, 1-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.46375/encantar.v2.0044
Rocha, L. M., Bach, S. L., Amaral, P. L., Behlau, M. & Souza, L. D. M. (2016). Risk factors for the incidence of perceived voice disorders in elementary and middle school teachers. Journal of Voice, 31(2), 258.e7-258.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.05.018
Rocha, L. M., Behlau, M. & Souza, L. D. M. (2014). Behavioral dysphonia and depression in elementary school teachers. Journal of Voice, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.10.011
Santos, I. S., Tavares, B. F., Munhoz, T. N., Almeida, L. S. P., Silva, N. T. B., Tams, B. D., Patella, A. M. & Matijasevich, A. (2013). Sensibilidade e especificidade do Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) entre adultos da população geral. Cad. Saúde Pública, 29(8), 1533-1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00144612
Segat, E. & Diefenthaeler, H. S. (2013). Uso de medicamentos antidepressivos por professores de escolas de diferentes redes de ensino em um município do norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Perspectiva, 37(137), 45-54.
Soria-Saucedo, R., Lopez-Ridaurab, R., Lajous, M. & Wirtz V. J. (2018). The prevalence and correlates of severe depression in a cohort of Mexican Teachers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234(2018), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.036
Tostes, M. V., Albuquerque, G. S. C., Silva, M. J. S. & Petterle, R. R. (2018). Sofrimento mental de professores do ensino público. Saúde Debate, 42(116), 87-99. https://10.1590/0103-1104201811607
Valente, A. M. S. L., Botelho, C. & Silva, A. M. C. (2015). Distúrbio de voz e fatores associados em professores da rede pública. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, 40(132), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1590/0303-7657000093814
Zimmerman, M. M. D. (2019). Using the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire to Screen for and Monitor Depression. Clinical Review & Education.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Luís Gustavo Soares Rodrigues; Jorge Oliveira e Silva; Kelly Moreira Luz Ribeiro; Daniel de Sousa Medeiros; Mirna Rossi Barbosa-Medeiros; Luiza Augusta Rosa Rossi-Barbosa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
